|
STATISTICAL
ANALYSIS OF ECOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
Defining and Measuring Ecological diversity
Shannon index
Alternative Diversity Indexes
Average Rarity Diversity Indexes
Species-Abundance curves
Related issues
Abundance Estimation
Simple Random Sampling.
Replicated Encounter Sampling.
Alternative Sampling Strategies.
Statistical Inference on Diversity
Design-Based Inference
Estimation of Species Richness
Model-based inference
Ecological Diversity Ordering
Intrinsic Diversity Ordering
Profile estimation.
Assessing diversity ordering
Field Studies
DESCRIPTIVE
MEASURES OF ECOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
Diversity, richness, evenness
Introduction to Essential Properties
A Comprehensive List of Diversity Indices
Richness
Evenness and Normalization of Diversity Indices
General properties of diversity indices
Statistical Proposals of General Properties
Diversity and Inequality
Majorization and Lorenz Curve
Special indices and families of indices
Gini-Simpson Indices and Generalizations
Derivation of the Gini-Simpson Index
A family of Indices Depending on the Euclidean Distance
Rao’s Family based on Dissimilarity Coefficients
Diversity Indices based on Distances between Distributions
Shannon and Entropy Measures
Diversity Indices Derived from Averages
SAMPLING
DESIGNS FOR MONITORING ECOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
Unit sampling
Sampling by plots
Sampling by points
Sampling by lines
Area sampling
Simple random sampling of areas
Sampling of areas
Further developments: two-stage sampling
INFERENCE
ON ECOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
Diversity index estimation
General Results
Inference for some specific Diversity Indexes under SRS
Jackknife for Diversity Index Estimation
Bayesian Approach to Diversity Index Estimation
Species-abundance curve models
Negative Binomial Distribution
Logarithmic Series Distribution
Geometric Distribution and Broken-Stick Distribution
Lognormal series distribution
THE
INVENTORY AND ESTIMATION OF PLANT SPECIES RICHNESS
Species Inventorying
Traditional collection of species data
Methods for perfecting species lists
Estimating and comparing species richness through samples
Fitting species abundance distributions
Estimation derived from species accumulation curves and
species area curves
Nonparametric estimators
Taxon surrogacy
SPATIAL
STATISTICS
Models
Geostatistical Models
Lattice Models
Spatial Point Processes
Exploring Spatial Structure
Geostatistical Data
Lattice Data
Spatial Point Patterns
Estimation
Prediction
Future Directions
GEOSTATISTICS:
PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE
Distribution-Free Methodology
Likelihood-Based Modeling
Model Based Prediction
Discussion and Future Directions
SPATIAL
DESIGN
A statistical framework
Single purpose spatial designs
Optimum Designs for Trend Estimation (Uncorrelated Processes)
Exploratory Designs
Optimum Designs for Trend Estimation (Correlated Processes)
Optimum Designs for Spatial Prediction
Optimum Designs for Covariogram Estimation
Multipurpose spatial designs
Constrained and Compound Designs
Entropy Sampling
Relationships among design criteria
STATISTICAL
ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL COUNT DATA
Random Spatial Indices
Non-Random Spatial Indices
Models with Continuous Spatial Index
Models with Discrete Spatial Index
Markov Random Field Models
Models with Exponential Family Conditionals
Estimation and Prediction
Application to Spatial Counts
Spatial Epidemiology and Disease Mapping
Spatial Epidemiology
Disease Mapping
SPATIAL
DISEASE MAPPING
Reasons for spatial pattern in disease data
Types of spatial disease data
Point Data
Regional Data
Geostatistical Data
Analytic methods by data type
Analytic Methods for Point Data
Analytic Methods for Regional Data
Analytic Methods for Geostatistical Data
Future directions
MULTIVARIATE
DATA ANALYSIS
Multivariate Distributions
The Multivariate Normal Distribution
Elliptically Contoured Distributions
Parameter Estimation for a Multivariate Normal
Population
Tests of Hypotheses for Mean Vectors and Covariance Matrices
The General Linear Hypothesis Model
Multiple Regression and Correlation
Multivariate Analysis of Variance
Discriminant Analysis
Principal Components
Factor Analysis
THE
ANALYSIS OF PUTATIVE SOURCES OF HEALTH HAZARD
Study Design
Retrospective and Prospective Studies
Study Region Design
Region Size
Region Shape
Replication and Control
Problems of Inference
Exploratory Techniques
Modeling the Hazard Exposure Risk
The Specification of in the Case Intensity
Models for Case Event Data
Estimation
Hypothesis Tests
Models for Count Data
Estimation
Hypothesis Tests
SPATIO-TEMPORAL
METHODS IN CLIMATOLOGY
Descriptive Statistical Methods
Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) Analysis
Continuous K-L Formulation
Discrete EOF Analysis
Estimation of EOFs
Complex EOF Analysis
Multivariate EOF Analysis
Extended EOF Analysis
Principal Oscillation Pattern (POP) Analysis
Formulation of POPs
Physical Implication of POPs
Estimation of POPs
Diagnostic Applications of POPs
Prognostic Application of POPs
POPs in Continuous Time
Complex POPs
Cyclostationary POPs
Space-Time Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA)
Two-Field SpatialTemporal CCA
Estimation of CCA
Time Lagged CCA
Space-Time Spectral Analysis
RANK
TESTS FOR INDEPENDENCE AND RANDOMNESS
Rank Tests for Independence
Optimal Tests
Treatment of Ties
Test for Randomness against trend
Contingency Tables
AREA
PRECIPITATION MEASUREMENT
The area precipitation measurement problem
The Kalman filter approach
A State Space Representation of the Problem.
The Kalman Filter Algorithm
Estimating the Model Parameters
Final Adjustments and Assessment of the Models
The Cokriging approach
The Kriging Estimator
The Cokriging Estimator
WATER-QUALITY
MONITORING OF RIVERS
Design Considerations in Water-Quality Monitoring Networks
Monitoring Objectives
Monitoring Approaches
Time Period for Measurement
Methods of Site Selection
Chemical vs. Biological Monitoring
Interpretive Context
Case Studies from the United States
Revised NASQAN
Maryland and Delaware Statewide Biomonitoring Assessments
Massachusetts Comprehensive Monitoring Design
The Future of Water-Quality Monitoring Networks
STOCHASTIC
MODELLING IN LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS
The Concept of Stochastic Modelling
SM Metaphors and Reality Levels
Spatiotemporal Random Field Models
Towards a SM Program
Mathematical Forms of Natural Laws Considered in SM
Applications
SM in Genetic Research, Carcinogenesis and Toxicokinetics
applications
The Importance of Physical Geometry and Space/Time Scales
Knowledge Integration and the Epistemic Approach to
Space/time
Decision Making, Geographical Information Systems, and
Sampling Design
Physical Indicator Functions
Population Indicator Functions
Risk Assessment and Environmental Exposure-Health Effect
Associations
ECONOMIC
ASPECTS OF MONITORING ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS: A COST-BENEFIT APPROACH
Setting environmental standards
Quantifying indicators
Emissions
Conservation
Bio-diversity
Economic implications of adopting environmental standards
Difficulties with neo-classical economic approach toward
environmental -valuation
Missing and incomplete markets
Failure of price mechanism
Environmental valuation
Direct valuation techniques
Contingent valuation method (CVM)
costs method (TCM)
Hedonic price analysis (HPA)
Value of life
Indirect valuation methods
Impact of pollution on health, material corrosion and
vegetation damage
Problems with environmental benefits estimates
The Rate of Discount
Irreversibility
Environmental policy regulation
Command and control policies
Economic instruments (EI)
TREND
ANALYSIS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS: TIME EFFECTS ON NITROUS OXIDE (N2O)
LEVELS AT MACE HEAD, IRELAND
The Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment
Nitrous Oxide Levels at Mace Head
Identifying Trends
Trend Analysis for Variance Change
Problem Formulation
Detection of the Unknown Change-Point
Estimating the Unknown Change-Point
Change-Point Analysis of Nitrous Oxide Levels
MODERN
BIOMETRICS
History
Biometric Data Collection and Analysis
Experimental Design
Sample Surveys
Graphical Displays
Multivariate and Multidimensional Analysis
Linear Models and Generalized Linear Models
Categorical Data Analysis
Survival Analysis and Risk
Meta-Analysis
Bayes and Empirical Bayes
Computer-Intensive Biometrical Methods
Nonparametric Methods
Time Series
Longitudinal Studies
Spatial Analysis
Image Analysis
Biometry in Action
Agriculture
Forestry
Statistical Ecology and Biodiversity
Morphometrics and Stereology
Bioassay and Toxicology
Infectious Disease Epidemiology
Genetics
Bioinformatics and Genomics
Public Health and Biomedicine
The Case-Control Study
The Cohort Study
Clinical Trials
Mathematics in Biometry
Future
DATA
COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS IN BIOMETRICS
Experimental Design
Sample Surveys
Clinical Trials and Case Control Studies
Clinical Trials
Case Control Studies
Longitudinal Studies and Time Series
Longitudinal Studies
Time Series
Species Abundance
Data Collection
THE
DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS
Standard Factorial Designs
Split-Plot Designs
Repeated Measures Designs
Importance of Correct Design and Analysis
SAMPLE
SURVEYS
What is a Survey?
Probability sampling
Common probability sampling designs
Simple random sampling
Stratified sampling
Cluster sampling
Unequal probability sampling
Systematic sampling
Stratified multistage sampling
Survey estimates and standard errors
Nonsampling errors
Sampling rare populations
Issues in Survey Design
RESPONSE
ADAPTIVE RANDOMIZATION IN CLINICAL TRIALS
The Design
Likelihood Based Inference
Nonparametric Inference
Regression Models
TIME
SERIES MODELS
Standard Linear ARMA Models
Bilinear Models
Spatial Models
Spatial Bilinear Models
Exponential Models
ESTIMATING
SPECIES ABUNDANCE
Quadrat Sampling
Design-Based Quadrat sampling
Model-based quadrat sampling
Quadrat Size
Adaptive Cluster Sampling
Line and Point Transect Sampling
The classical approach
Methodological issues
The calibration approach
Nearest-Neighbour Distance Methods
Homogeneous Poisson Processes
Alternatives to homogeneous Poisson processes
Nonparametric methods
Edge Correction
Capture-Recapture Methods
A single recapture
Multiple recaptures
Related methods
STATISTICAL
METHODOLOGY IN BIOMETRY
Linear Regression, Generalized Linear Models, Exponential
Family and Logistic Regression
Gaussian Outcomes
Non-Gaussian Outcomes
Regression Models for Ordinal Data
Hierarchical Data
Multivariate Analysis
Longitudinal and Other Hierarchical Data
The Linear Mixed Model
From Gaussian to Non-Gaussian Longitudinal Data
Survival Analysis
LINEAR
REGRESSION MODELS
Simple Linear Regression model
The Model
Estimation
Inference
Inferences About the Regression Coefficients
Diagnostics and Remedial Measures
Multiple Linear Regression Model
Estimation of Regression Coefficients
Inferences About Regression Coefficients
Model Adequacy and Diagnostic
Comments on Interpreting Regression Analysis
GENERALIZED
LINEAR MODELLING
A Corner Stone: the Exponential Family of Distributions
Generalized Linear Modelling
Estimation for Generalized Linear Models
Quasi-likelihood and Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE)
GEE1
GEE2
CATEGORICAL
DATA ANALYSIS
Inference for a Single Proportion
Analysis of 2 × 2 Contingency Tables
Analysis of R x C Contingency Tables
Analysis of Sets of 2 × 2 Contingency Tables
Log-linear Models
Logistic Regression
Multinomial Regression Models
Poisson Regression
Clustered Categorical Data
SURVIVAL
ANALYSIS
Basic concepts of survival analysis
Censoring
Terminology and notation
Goals of survival analysis
Basic analysis layout for survival analysis
Descriptive measures of survival experience
The Kaplan Meier method and the log-rank test
Kaplan-Meier curves
Analysis layout for Kaplan-Meier curves
Calculation of estimated survival probabilities
The Log-rank test
The log-rank test for two groups
The log-rank test for several groups
The Wilcoxon test
The Cox proportional hazards model
Properties of the Cox PH model
Testing the significance of interaction
Computing and interpreting the hazard ratio from the Cox PH
model
Calculating a confidence interval for the hazard ratio
Adjusted survival curves using the Cox PH model
Evaluating the proportional hazards assumption
The proportional hazards assumption
A graphical method for evaluating the PH assumption: log-log
survival curves
Using time-dependent variables
Goodness-of-fit (GOF) tests
The stratified Cox model
Properties of the stratified Cox model
Testing the no-interaction assumption in the SC model
Extension of the Cox PH model for time-dependent variables
Time-dependent variables
Using time-dependent variables to test the proportional
hazards assumption
The extended Cox model for time-dependent variables
The hazard ratio formula for the extended Cox model
Use of the extended Cox model versus the stratified Cox model
MULTIVARIATE
AND MULTIDIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS
Continuous Outcomes
Multivariate Linear Regression
Multivariate Analysis of Variance and Covariance
Canonical Correlation and Redundancy Analysis
Structural Equation Modelling and Path Analysis
Discriminant and Cluster Analysis
Linear Projection Methods
Principal Components and Factor Analysis
Projection Pursuit
| 
|
Login
