|
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE FOUNDATIONS
The Beginning
of Modern Biological Science
What Is Biological Life?
Microscopic Life
The Origin of Life
Evolution and the Origin of
Species
Genetics and
Evolution
Genetics in the Modern World
The Mechanisms Involved in
Evolution
Humanity, the Environment, and
Evolution
Artificial Evolution
The Molecular
Basis of Life
The Cell
The Gene
The Biochemical Processes of
Life
Genetic Manipulation
The Molecular
Tree of Life
Morphological Methods of
Classifying Species
Biochemical Methods of
Classifying Species
Gene-Based Classification
Life On Earth Over the Last 4
Billion Years
The Limits of
Life on Earth
Water as a Limiting Factor
Ionic Concentration as a
Limiting Factor
Temperature as a Limiting Factor
Acidity/Alkalinity as a Limiting
Factor
Gaseous Atmosphere as a Limiting
Factor
Energy as a Limiting Factor
The Edges of the Envelope
Life
Elsewhere in the Universe
Is Carbon-Based Life Alone?
Carbon-Based Life on the Planets
Carbon-Based Life in Other Star
Systems
Panspermia
ORGANIC CHEMICALS INVOLVED IN
LIFE PROCESSES
Proteins
Amino Acids
Polypeptide chains
Primary structure
Secondary structure
Tertiary structure
Quaternary structure
Enzymes
Carbohydrates
Monosaccarides
Stereo-isomerization
Cyclic Structures
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Lipids
Fatty acids
Fatty acids in humans
Triacyglycerols
Phospholipids
Steroids
Nucleic Acids
Nucleotides
The nucleic acids
DNA
DNA can have different
structural features
RNA
CARBON FIXATION
Carbon
fixation in higher plants
The
Light Dependent Reactions of
Plant Photosynthesis
The
Light Independent Reactions of
Photosynthesis: Synthesis of
Carbohydrates
C3,
C4 and CAM metabolism
Algae
Bacteria
Purple Bacteria
Green Sulfur Bacteria
Green Gliding Bacteria
Heliobacteria
Global
photosynthesis and the
atmosphere
EUKARYOTE CELL BIOLOGY
Origin of
Eukaryotes
Cellular
differentiation in multicellular
organisms
Plants
Animals
Eukaryotic
cell structure
Organization
of eukaryotic cells
Plasma membrane
Extracellular matrices
Proteins synthesis and transport
Cytoskeleton and movement
Nucleus
Genomes
Gene expression
Maintaining the genome
Organelles
The cell
cycle
Mitosis
Meiosis
Regulation of
cell growth
Signal transduction
Programmed cell death
Cancer
Experimental
models
Yeast
Arabidopsis
Drosophila
The mouse
Cell culture
Separation of cellular contents
Tracing biochemical pathways
Future
Investigations
CELL THEORY, PROPERTIES OF CELLS
AND THEIR DIVERSITY
The
Composition of Life
Origin of organic molecules
RNA and the origin of life
Cell as the
unit of life
Cell theory
The theory of organisms
Cell size
The diversity
of life
Origin of the first cell
The endosymbiont hypothesis
Cellular
diversity
Plant tissue diversity
Dermal tissue
Vascular tissue
Ground tissue
Animal tissue diversity
Epithelial
tissue
Muscle tissue
Connective tissue
Nervous tissue
Blood
Sensory cells
Germ cells
Tissue
maintenance and renewal
Tissue renewal rates
Stem cells
Discussion
CELL MORPHOLOGY AND ORGANIZATION
The cytoplasm
Membranes
Structure
The cell cortex
Transmembrane proteins
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Extracellular
matrices
Glycocalyx
Cell walls
Cytoskeleton
Microfilaments or Actin
filaments
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules
Cilia and
Flagella
Connections
between cells
Plasmodesmata
Desmosomes
Tight junctions
Gap junctions
Vacuoles
Central vacuoles
Contractile vacuoles
Cell
organization
Membrane
transport systems
Passive transport
Active transport
Endocytosis
Protein
synthesis
Initiation
Elongation
Termination
Protein
targeting
Proteins made in the cytoplasm
Chaperones
Proteins made on the rough
endoplasmic reticulum
The Golgi apparatus
Vesicles
Protein
breakdown
Proteosomes
Lysosomes
Cell movement
Microfilaments and cell movement
Myosin
Microtubules
Cilia and flagella movement
CELL NUCLEUS AND CHROMATIN
STRUCTURE
The nucleus
The nuclear membrane
The nuclear pore
Structure of the nuclear pore
Function of the nuclear pore
The lamina
The genome
Chromosomes
The nucleosome
Histones
DNA condensation
Functional domains
Centromere
Telomere
DNA
replication
Origin of replication
DNA polymerases
Nucleosome replication
Nucleolus
rRNA genes and expression
Ribosome assembly and export
Transcription
RNA polymerases
Eukaryote promotors
Initiation of transcription
RNA elongation
Termination of transcription
Regulation of transcription
Chromatin structure and
transcription
mRNA
processing and turnover
Capping
Polyadenylation
Splicing
RNA editing
tRNA
processing and turnover
ORGANELLES AND OTHER STRUCTURES
IN CELL BIOLOGY
The distribution and function of
the mitochondrion
The structure of the
mitochondrion
The mitochondrial genome
The mitochondrial genetic code
and translation mechanism
Maternal inheritance of the
mitochondrion
Distribution and structure of
the chloroplast
The chloroplast genome
The chloroplast genetic code
Maternal inheritance of the
chloroplast
An endosymbiotic origin for the
mitochondrion and chloroplast
Evolution of the mitochondrion
Evolution of the Chloroplast
Other possibly endosymbiotic
organelles
MITOSIS, CYTOKINESIS, MEIOSIS
AND APOPTOSIS
The eukaryote
cell cycle
Phases
Mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
Meiosis
Stages of meiosis
Fertilization
and development
Regulators of
Cell cycle
Checkpoints
G1/S checkpoint
G2/M checkpoint
Mitosis checkpoint
Maturation promoting factor
Cyclin dependent protein kinases
Diversity and action
Regulation
Cyclin regulation of mitosis
Growth factors
Inhibitors of cell cycle
progression
Programmed
cell death
Triggers of apoptosis
Pathways leading to apoptosis
CELL GROWTH REGULATION,
TRANSFORMATION AND METASTASES
Signal
molecules
Transmembrane signals for large
signal molecules
Small signal molecules
Switches of
intracellular molecules
Regulation of signal molecules
Cell surface
receptors
Ion-channel-linked receptors
G-protein-linked receptors
General structure and function
of G-protein-receptors.
G-proteins and ion-channels
G-proteins and enzymes.
Enzyme-linked receptors
Protein tyrosine kinases
Signaling domains SH2 and SH3.
Ras/MAPK pathway
The JAK/STAT pathway
Cancer
Ras proto-oncogenesis
Signal transduction
Kinases
Insertions, deletions and
translocations
Viral oncogenesis
DNA viruses
RNA viruses
Tumor suppressor genes
MICROBIOLOGY
Taxonomy
Morphology
Eucaryote Microorganisms -
Protozoa
| 
|
Login
