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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF EARTH AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOLOGICAL,PHYSIOLOGICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES,ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY RESOURCES ENCYCLOPEDIA OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES,ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY RESOURCES ENCYCLOPEDIA OF WATER SCIENCES,ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY RESOURCES ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ENERGY SCIENCES,ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY RESOURCES ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL SCIENCES,ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY RESOURCES ENCYCLOPEDIA OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY RESOURCES ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HUMAN RESOURCES POLICY AND MANAGEMENT ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NATURAL RESOURCES POLICY AND MANAGEMENT ENCYCLOPEDIA OF DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC RESOURCES ENCYCLOPEDIA OF INSTITUTIONAL AND INFRASTRUCTURAL RESOURCES ENCYCLOPEDIA OF TECHNOLOGY,INFORMATION, AND SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT RESOURCES ENCYCLOPEDIA OF REGIONAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT REVIEWS

The above simplified figure illuminates the essential interconnectedness of the sixteen component encyclopedias of EOLSS.

 In the real world, the various knowledge domains do not exist in isolation from each other. They form an integrated whole, with links in all directions. It is well known that all forms of human knowledge are inter-connected and inter-related. EOLSS mimics this complexity, the automatic inter-connectedness of the various subject categories facilitating navigation through the vast landscape of EOLSS knowledge. This provides the user with an effective and efficient tool to search, navigate and browse through each of the component encyclopedias, through any combination of the sixteen, or through the whole of EOLSS.

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES

CONTENT OUTLINE (partial listing)

 

MANAGEMENT

Management Organizational Structures

Program and Project Management

Cost Estimation Methods, and Work and Cost Breakdown Structures

Human and Cognitive Factors in Management

Management, and Knowledge Management and Complex Adaptive Systems

 

EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABILITY

The Ecological Imperative

Education and Sustainability: Problems and Obstacles

Education for Sustainability: the Evolution of a Concept

Growing Momentum for Educational and Cultural Change

The Content and Structure of this Theme

 

THE AIMS OF EDUCATION IN AN AGE OF STASIS AND CHANGE

The role of theory in the aims of education

The liberal tradition

Competing analysis of educational aims

 

EDUCATION, SUSTAINABILITY, AND ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS

Utilitarian and Duty-Oriented Approaches to Environmental Issues

Cost Externalization

The Ecological Problem

Laws of Thermodynamics and the Ecological Problem

Economic Growth and the Ecological Problem

The Limits of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as a Measure of Well-Being

Sustainable Economies

Steady-State Economics: What is it?

Moving to a Steady-State Economy

Depletion Allowances

Pollution Allowances

Limiting Population Growth

Protecting Natural Habitat

 

THE POLITICS OF LEARNING AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

The Technocratic Perspective

The Paradigm Shift Perspective

Task-based Perspectives: Social, Environmental and Educative

The social change focus

The environmental change focus

The educative focus

The Globalisation Perspective

The Segments Perspective

The Metaphorical Perspective

The Pragmatic Perspective

Some Commonalities

Multiple rationalities

Taxonomy of Perspectives

 

SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ISSUES IN EDUCATION

Education as the Transmission of Culture

Human Ecology and the Organization of Culture

Stratification and Cultural Hierarchies

Social Change, Local Cultures, and the Maintenance of Culture

Culture, Communication, and Symbolic Meaning

Formal Education: The School

School Expansion

Schooling, Mass Society, and Social Mobility

Schooling and Public versus Private Interests

Literacy and the Nation-State

Literacy as a Quality of Life Indicator

Literacy and the Global Economy

Potential of Education Systems and the Future

Technology as A Product of Education Systems

Strength of Weak Ties and the Human Condition

Education and the Natural Environment

Multicultural Education

 

POLICY, PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS: ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS IN THE ACHIEVEMENT OF EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABILITY

Policy

Planning

Management

 

KNOWLEDGE OF THE FUTURE AND THE ROLE OF INSTITUTIONS IN CREATING ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABILITY.

Global Protests

Individualism and Ethnocentrism

Rights of Future Generations

Energy Sustainability

Paying for Externalities

Shifting to a New Mode of Agriculture

Implications for Schools

Students as Citizen Planners

Designing a World Future

 

EDUCATION, TRADITION, HISTORICAL KNOWLEDGE AND SUSTAINABILITY

What is the role of tradition in the creation of a sustainable culture?

What is the role of historical knowledge?

What is the relationship between tradition and history?

What should be the role and function of history and tradition in the educational system?

 

CULTURAL KNOWLEDGE FOR THE PRESENT AND THE FUTURE

Cultural knowledge

Educating for dominant cultural knowledge

Community

Ecological solution finding

 

ESSENTIAL EARTH LEARNING CONCEPTS FOR TEACHERS AND STUDENTS

Essential Concepts

There Is No Environment

Earth Is Alive

Evolution Is Not A Theory

Earth Is Learning and Teaching

Earth Is Slow, Culture Is Fast

Earth Is Primary, Humans Are Derivative

Sustainability Requires Living In Place

Earth Is A Recycling Planet

There Are No Second Chances

Humanity Must Be the Change

 

Early Education: Critical Literacy, Professional Development and Resources for a Sustainable Future

From Nurturing Parents to Education for All  

Early Education for Sustainability:  A North American Overview of Literacy Education

Subject Matter for Individual and Collective Responsibility:  The Development of the Whole Person and Critical Literacy

What Should be Taught?

What Teaching Methods Can Contribute to Sustainability?

Change Takes Time--Persistence for Study, Analyses of Problems, Application of Best Practices, Plus Financial Support 

 

EARTH ETHICS, EARTH LITERACY, AND THE COMMUNITY COLLEGE

The Community College Context

The Obligations

The Case of Miami Dade College

Earth Literacy

Earth Ethics

Earth Ethics Institute

Curriculum Factors

Implementation Issues

The Next Steps

 

SUSTAINABILITY AND UNIVERSITIES

Introduction/The Relationship of Universities and Sustainability

Promotion of Sustainability in Universities

Progress in Campus Operations

Characteristics of a Green University

Motivation and Support for University Greening

Staff Dedicated to Greening

Committees

Environment policies

Funding Allocation

Involvement of Students

Use of Management Systems

Progress in Curriculum

Dimensions of education for sustainable development

Pedagogy for Education for Sustainable Development

Staff training and development

Engagement with Local Community

Research in the Field

 

The Red Queen Effect:  Roles for Adult Education in Social Sustainability

The Learning Connection

Existing Demands for Learning

Decentralization, democratization and citizen participation

Human resource development and continuing training

Organizational learning and the learning organization

Multiculturalism and multilingual competence

Conflict resolution and peace studies

Human growth potential

Information mastery

Learning for Sustainability

Differential Demand and Differential Sustainability

Provision of Learning Opportunities

More joy in heaven.

Developing the learning environment

Education by All

Harnessing the Red Queen

 

EDUCATION, LIFELONG LEARNING AND LEISURE

Aims of Education

Ancient Origins of Education and Leisure

Modern Conceptions of Education and Leisure

Education for Leisure

Cultural Continuity

Illustrative Propositions

Physical Education and Sport

School Health Education.

The Challenge Ahead

 

HOLISTIC EDUCATION: LEARNING FOR AN INTERCONNECTED WORLD

Historical Roots of Holistic Education

Holistic Learning

Linear Thinking and Intuition

Relationship between Mind and Body

Movement Education

Drama

Subject Connections

Curriculum Integration

Community Connections

Earth Connections

Self Connections

Examples of Holistic Education

Waldorf Education

Eurythmy

Main Lesson

Montessori Education

Krishnamurti

The Rajghat Besant School

Brockwood Park School

Other Examples

 

THE ECOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DIMENSIONS OF THE HOLISTIC CURRICULUM

The nature of curriculum

Paradigm tensions

Curriculum Tensions

The ecological dimension

Curriculum schemes

Curriculum as part of the whole

Reorienting curriculum

A connective pattern - curriculum, learning and sustainability

 

EDUCATIONAL POLICY AND PRACTICE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

From Environmental Education to Education for Sustainability: A Troubled History

Education for Sustainability: A Troubled Present

Worrying Evidence

Levels of student interest in the environment

Knowledge and understanding of sustainability concepts

The willingness and ability of students to practice civic responsibility to care for Earth

Reorienting Schools for Sustainability

Renewing the Vision of Education

Generating New Educational Practices

The knowledge base of sustainability

Education and sustainability

Key Concepts in a Curriculum for Sustainability

Teaching and Learning Approaches

Reforming the structures of schooling

 

DEVELOPMENT, EDUCATION AND GRASSROOTS MOVEMENTS FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE

The Genocidal Nature of Development

The Rise of the Alien National Pattern (and Genocide) in Europe

The State and the Market Function of Compulsory Schooling

Compulsory Schooling as Cultural Genocide

 

EDUCATION POLICY AND GENDER ISSUES: A SUSTAINABILITY PERSPECTIVE

Exclusion from Education

Gender and exclusion from education

Policy

History of International Conferences and Conventions Related to Education

Education and Development

Gender and Education

Education and population

Education and maternal, infant, and child mortality

Educational attainment of children

Education and gender equity

Equity and Equality

The Link between Education and Sustainability

Thresholds of Education and Sustainability

What is Education for Sustainability

Basic education

Reorienting education

Public awareness

Training

Societal Barriers to Schooling

Women and Adult Literacy Programs

Relevance of Literacy Programs

Barriers to participation in literacy programs

Lessons learned in literacy programs

Recent Progress and Lessons Learned

 

A Comparative Study of Cultural Conservation among Minority Groups:  The Basques and Sustainable Ethnicity in an Age of Globalization

The Fluid Nature of Nationalism and the Creation of the Rural

The Case of the Basque:  Globalization and the Struggle for Rural Identity

Resisting Static Understandings of "Rural" and the Shaping of Identity

Economic Backwardness-The Basque Example

Uneven Development

Modernization : the Basque Response

Other Conceptions of Nationalism and Identity:  Arana's Legacy

The Rise of Radicalism

Schooling and Politics-Preserving the Basque Language

The Challenge of Rescuing the Basque Language - Regional Politics

Lessons for and perhaps from Present Basque Nationalism

 

INDIGENOUS AND NEOTRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS AND THEIR ROLE IN CREATING AND MAINTAINING ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABILITY

Indigenous and Neotraditional Knowledge

The Development of Alternative Knowledge Systems

Ways and Results of Knowing

Knowledge Transmission among Indigenous Groups

Sustainable Development

Resilience and Scale in Development

Traditional Ecological Knowledge

Effects of Globalization on Alternative Knowledge Systems

Differing Definitions of the Commons and Bio-Cultural Diversity

Bio-Imperialism

The Green Revolution

Intellectual Property Rights

Cultural Disintegration

Valuing and Protecting Alternative Knowledge Systems

The Role of the UN

The Role of Academia

Indigenous Activism

The Role of NGOs and Governments

The Role of IKS in Development and Education

 

EDUCATION, THE INDIVIDUAL, AND CONSUMERISM

Technology in Education Reinforces Consumerism

Computer Mediated Learning

Consumerism Targets Students

Globalization of Consumerism

The Undermining of Community and the Reinforcement of Consumerism

Individualism Leads to Consumerism

Undermining Traditions

Nature of Traditions

Analysis of Traditions

 

SYNTAX

Basic syntactic concepts

Organizational principles of grammatical structure

Constituency

Dependency

Embedding and recursiveness

Subordination and coordination

Word order

Syntactic units

Phrases

Types of phrases

Structure of phrases

Clauses and sentences

Valency

Grammatical relations

Types of clauses and sentences

 

SEMANTICS

Introduction

Semantics and Related Disciplines

The Linguistic Sign

Semantic Principles

Lexical Semantics

Semantic Relations and Semantic Fields

Componential Analysis

Sentence Semantics

Semantic Roles

Generative /vs./ Interpretive Semantics

The Standard Theory

Pustejovsky's Generative Lexicon

Formal Semantics

Statement Logic (SL)

First Order Predicate Logic (FOPL)

Events Semantics

Second Order Logic

Lambda Calculus

Generalized Quantifier Theory

Intensional semantics

Dynamic Semantics (DS)

Further Semantics

 

SOCIOLINGUISTIC VARIATION AND CHANGE

Sociolinguistics and the Study of Variation and Change

Is Variation "Free" or Structured?

The Role of Constraints on Variation

Methods for Studying Variation and Change

Linguistic Constraints on Variation

Progress of Change 

Apparent Time

Social Dimensions of Variation

Style Effects

Stylistic Stratification of Variables

Stereotypes, Markers, Indicators and the Speech Community

Social Class or Social Network Effects 

Gender Effects 

Directions in the Sociolinguistic Study of Variation and Change

 

LANGUAGE AND IDENTITY

Identity in General 

Family

Sociology

Psychology

History/politics

Nationalism

Language and Identity I: the Individual 

Case Studies: the Individual

An unexpected episode

Language and Identity II: the Community

Sociological aspects

Europe

Majority and Minority Languages.

 Case Studies

France and French

Brittany and Breton

Catalan

Alsatian, Alsacien, Elsässisch

Spain and Spanish

Scandinavia

Finland

Sweden

Germany

Former Yugoslavia

Former USSR

The Finno-Ugric Peoples

Estonia

Karelian

Ukraine and Belarus

Ukrainian

Belarusian

Rusyn

 

 SIGN LANGUAGES

The visual-gestural nature of sign languages

Sign language articulators

The signing space

The grammar of sign languages

Form-meaning relationships in sign languages

Sign language phonology

Sign language morphology

Compounding

Derivation

Inflection

Sign language syntax

The sociolinguistics of sign languages

Historical documentation of sign languages

Social and educational changes in the 19th century

Deaf communities as linguistic minorities

The acquisition of sign languages

The acquisition of sign language as a mother tongue

The acquisition of sign language as a second language

Sign bilingual acquisition

Sign bilingual education

The bilingual acquisition of a signed and a written language

Sign bilingualism

Types of bilingualism

Sign language contact

 

PIDGINS AND CREOLES

Some general properties of pidgins and creoles

Pidgins: Incipient communication

Chinese Pidgin English

Russenorsk.

Hawaiian Pidgin English

Creoles: Expansion, stabilization and variability

Basilect

Acrolect

Mesolect

Theoretical models and current trends in PC studies

Early models

Substratist position

Universalist position

Developments of the substratist position

Monogenesis

Relexification

Substrates and adstrates

Superstrates

Developments of the universalist position: The bioprogram

The (post)creole continuum and decreolization

New trends

Sociohistorical evidence

Demographic explanations

Acquisition

 

CODE-SWITCHING

Definitions and terminology

Code-switching vs. borrowing

Code-switching vs. code-mixing

Various approaches to studying code-switching

Sociolinguistic approach

Structural approach

Structural constraints on code-switching

Attitudes toward code-switching

 

COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS

What is Computational Linguistics?

A few sketches in the history of Computational Linguistics

Automatic text processing

Parsing

Computational lexicons and ontologies

Acquisition methodologies

Applications

Infrastructural Language Resources

European projects

NLP in the global information and knowledge society

NLP in Europe

Production and "intelligent" use of the digital content (also multimedia)

Future perspectives

The promotion of national languages in the global society and the new Internet generation

 

FORENSIC LINGUISTICS

Forensic Linguistic

What is forensic linguistics?

Legal Cases and Proceedings

The investigative stage

The trial stage

The appeal stage

Private disputes

History and Development of Forensic Linguistics to the Present

Forensic Phonetics

Summary of the Development of Forensic Linguistics

Forensic Linguistic in the Justice System

 

MASS MEDIA AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION

Communication and Development

Modernization

Challenges to Modernization

International News and Entertainment Programming

The Cultural Environment Perspective

Telecommunication for Development

Knowledge Societies

Electronic Media and Open and Distance Education

Challenges for Media Use in Open and Distance Learning

 

COMPARATIVE LITERATURE AND THE PLURAL VISION OF DISCOURSE

Aesthetic Historicism, French Influence Study, and American Parallelism

The Discourse of Triumph and of Crisis

A Global Perspective and Plural Vision

 

THE NOTION OF COMPARING AND THE MEETING OF FRAGMENTS

The One and the Many

The Ages of the Verbal Arts

The Three Ages

Classics and Classicizing

Unity and Fragmentation

Toward a Semiotics of Number

One, Two, Three

Questions to Ponder

 

HISTORICAL AND THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES OF LITERATURE

The concept of literature

Oral literature

Literature in ancient civilizations with writing

Literature in classical literary cultures I: China

Literature in classical literary cultures II: India, Europe, Arabic culture

Changes in European societies and literatures around 1800

Modern literary culture: from around 1800 to the present

Literature: its mode of operation and its value

The study of literature

 

HERMENEUTICS NEED AND THE INEVITIABILITY OF COMPARING

Understanding and Comparing as Basic to the Human Condition

Hermeneutics, a Definition

Brief History of Interpretation

Reconstruction of Meaning: How do we Read?

Construction of Meaning: How do we Communicate?

Deconstruction of Encrusted Meaning: How do we shape understanding?

The Hermeneutical Circle

Brief History of Comparative Literature

Recognizing Otherness (the Stranger)

World Literature and the Trade in Cultural Goods

Reading the World – Connecting Cultures

Fore-understanding and pre-judgment

Horizons of Understanding

Globalism: From Disjuncture to Conjuncture

 

THE TRADITION OF COMPARISON OF ARTS

The humanistic doctrine of ut pictura poesis and the issue of the competition between the arts

Leonardo da Vinci’s Paragone

The French classicism: transforming painting into scripture

The sensualistic rhetoric, the crisis of the universal logos and of the tradition of ut pictura poesis tradition

The birth of the Aesthetic theory

The Laocoon or the critic of metaphor "literalization"

 

PLASTIC ARTS AND LITERATURE

The Iconic Origins of Writing

From the Ideogram to the Alphabet

Figures of the Alphabet 

From the Art of Memory to Ekphrasis   

From the Era of the Manuscript to that of the Printed Book

The Return to Ideograms

Literature and Painting in China and Japan

 

RELATIONS BETWEEN LITERATURE AND MUSIC IN THE CONTEXT OF A GENERAL TYPOLOGY OF INTERMEDIALITY

Extra- vs. Intracompositional Intermediality and Scher's Typology of Musico-Literary Relations

Variants of Extracompositional Intermediality and their Relevance to Word and Music Studies  

Variants of Intracompositional Intermediality and their Relevance to Word and Music Studies   

A General Typology of Intermediality Illustrated with Musico-Literary Examples

Beyond Typology: Perspectives of Musico-Literary Research

 

LITERATURE AND FILM: MODERNITY / MEDIUM / ADAPTATION

Introduction 

Toward a Critical Convergence of Modern Literature and Film 

Adaptation in Theory and Practice  

From Text to Film 

Conclusion: No End in Sight

 

LITERATURE AND THE OTHER ARTS: THE POINT OF VIEW OF SEMIOTICS

Introduction: The Semiotic Framework  

The Semiotic Framework of Verbal and the Other Arts

Three Semiotic Matrices of Literature and the Arts

Literature as a Secondary Sign System par excellence

Poetry, Language, and Music 

Orality of Speaking and Singing

The Musical Substratum of Speech and Poetry

Rhythm, Language, and Literature

Poetry, Music, and their Sister Arts

Aesthetics of Writing, Visual Form, and Literature

The Poetics of Writing, East and West

Visual Poetry between Literature and the Graphic Arts

Ideographic Writing: Diagrams of Thought

Literature and the Visual Arts

Differences between Literature and the Visual Arts

Common Ground Between the Verbal and the Visual Arts

Intermedial and Transmedial Relationships

 

NARRATIVE IN HISTORY / HISTORY IN NARRATIVE

The alliance breaks up

 “Postmodern” – and its critics

 

ANTHROPOLOGY, COMPARATIVE LITERATURE, ETHNIC LITERATURE, AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY

Anthropology as the Study of Man

Myth and Folklore–The Writing of Culture and Cultural Writing

Culture and Counter-Culture

Comparative Literature, Ethnic Literature, and the Canon

The Death of the Author and the Life of Culture

Text as Native Informant and Anthropologist

 

EPISTEMOLOGICAL FRONTIER CRISS-CROSSINGS

The rise of disciplinary knowledge: setting epistemological frontiers

The emergence of Literary Studies: redrawing of frontiers

First challenge: the idea of Comparative Literature

Second challenge: the project of Cultural Studies

The frontier as a shared/sharing condition of identity formation

 

LITERATURE AND MASS-MEDIA-THE SPECTACLE OF WRITING

At First Sight

The Ubiquity of Literature, or Writing, Lies and Videotapes

On Photography —Off Photography

From Opera to Soap Opera

A Museum of Mimesis: The Popular Archive

A New (Visual) Literacy

 

THE IMPACT OF MEDIA ON LITERATURE

Current Media Theory and Media Studies

Origins of Discipline

New Media Theory

Historical Examples

Oral Transmission

Pictography

The Andean Khipu

Manuscript

Print

Theater

Photography

Moving Image

Radio and Television

The Digital

 

Criticism and Media

Media, Modernism and the Social Conditions of Art: A Diagnosis by Meyer Schapiro 

Towards Literary Formalism: Partisan Review 

Mass Culture and its Discontents: Clement Greenberg 

Critical Theory and Culture Industry

Theories of Pure Art in a Mass Society

The Autonomy of Art  

Organicism in Literary Criticism

The Institution of Literary Criticism: F. R. Leavis

The Fetishism of Text: the New Criticism

Functionalism and the fallacy of Gesellschaft

The ‘Other’ American Sociology: The Loss of Individual Autonomy 

The Decay of the Aura and Reproduction Technologies: Walter Benjamin

Avant-Garde as an Alternative to Modernism

The Celebration of Mass Culture: Marshall McLuhan 

The Decline of Modernism

The "New Sensibility" and the Children of Marx and Coca-Cola 

Postmodernism as the Cultural Logic of Advanced Capitalism

The Imperial Pretensions of Culturalism and the Devaluation of Nature

 

CRITICISM AND EDUCATION

Two Meanings of "Global Communication" 

Global Semiotics and Education

Education of the Semiotic Animal to Responsibility

Global Semiotics and Criticism

Criticism, Responsibility and Dialogue from a Semioethic Perspective

Modeling, Communication and Dialogue

Otherness, Listening and Hospitality

Verbal and Non-Verbal Signs in the Educational Process 

The Field of Global Semiotics

The Typology of Human Modeling is Pivotal in Education Theory and Practice

The Evolution of Cognitive Processes and Language

Education to Organic Conceptual Competence

The Bond among Sign, Body, Mind, and Culture

The Natural Learning Flow Principle

Literary Writing 

Education to Inventing

Language, Speech and the Play of Musement

Criticism and Education from a Global Perspective

Writing and Literature

Education and the Critique of Dialogic Reason

Literary Communication in the Era of Global Communication from the Perspective of  Comparative Literature

 

ALTERNATIVE FORMS IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF LITERATURE

Ends and Means: Under the Empire of the Book

Past and Future Alternatives: The Forms of Sensoriality from Oral to Hypertext

The Persistence of Oral Traditions 

Alternative and sub-literary: the uses of illiteracy. ‘Special interest’ Literature 

 ‘Alternative’ as Marginal: From Counterculture to Counter-Canon

When the Books are Banned: Samizdats and other Desperate Alternatives

Blogs and the Forthcoming End of the Book Era

 

IMPACTS OF CONTEMPORARY DEVELOPMENTS ON GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE LITERATURE

The Search for Interdisciplinarity

The Scientific and Technological Process

The Resistance of the Literary Field

An Intermediate Proposal: Interdisciplinarity

The Impact of Technology and Literature’s Interdisciplinarity

Technology at the Service of Literature

Digital Literature

Literary Theory about Literature in Hypertext

Collectivity: The Collaborative Writing

The Death of the Author

The Rupture of Linearity

The Demystification of the Canon

The Democratization of Art

A New Paradigm for a New Humanism?

Conclusions and Challenges

 

TECHNOLOGIES AND LITERATURES

Which Technologies for a Globalized World

What's Really New

Substituting or Overlapping Supporting Materials

Accessing to Literatures

The Anxiety of Reading and Writing

Which Literatures and Which Technologies for a Sustainable Development

Technological Migrations

A Risk or an Issue for Canonical or Marginalized Literatures

Which Technologies for a Globalized World

Cognitive Challenges

Identities Challenges

 

THE RELEVANCE OF DISTINCTIVE KINDS OF SUPPORTING MATERIALS

Socio-Cultural Dimension: Knowledge Preservation and Different types of Supporting Materials.

The Economic Dimension of Text Supporting Materials

The Institutional Dimension: Textual Mass Production and Control

Textual and Global Issues: the Local within the Global

The Environmental Dimension: Preservation of our Natural Capital

 

INTERACTIVITY AND OPEN-ENDING (LITERARY WORKS)

Definitions

Interactivity and Reading

Narrativity and Open-Ending

 

VIRTUAL TRIPS

The Epistemology of the Journey: Narrating our Life Stories

Journeys, Representations and Technology

Embodied and Disembodied Communication, Identity and Intercultural Awareness

The Educational Dimension of Virtual Trips and Other Forms of Net Technologies

 

TRANSLATIO STUDII AND CROSS-CULTURAL WELTVERKEHR

Terminology and Basic Conception

The Traditional Concept of Translatio Studii

Translatio as a Cultural Figure

Political, Cultural and Religious Translatio

The Threefold Concept of Translatio Studii

Translatio Studii as Cultural Tradition (1)

Translatio Studii as Cultural Transfer and Colonialism (2)

Translatio Studii as a Shift of Hegemonic Culture (3)

Symbolic Configurations of Translatio

Linguistic Translatio

The Redefinition of Translatio Studii in the Context of Cross-Cultural Weltverkehr

Principles of Post/Modern and Postcolonial Translatio

The Figure of the Reverse World and its Prefigurations

Intercontinental Shifts and Fractalization

The Figure of the Internet

The Network of Cross-Cultural Institutions

Methods and Media of Cross-Cultural Learning

Literary Multilingualism as a Paradigm of Cross-Cultural Translatio

Restrictions of Cross-Cultural Translatio

Cultures as Mutual Translations and Metaphors

 

THE WELTVERKEHR OF BOOKS: MODERN ANTHOLOGIES OF WORLD POETRY

"Weltliteratur" ("World literature"). Goethe and a programmatic concept of literature

"Stimmen der Völker in Liedern". Herders collection of poetry and folk songs

Constructing ‘world poetry’ in the 20th century I - Hans Magnus Enzensberger’s "Museum" (1960, 1979/80)

Constructing ‘world poetry’ in the 20th century II - Harald Hartung’s "Luftfracht" (1991)

Inventing ‘world poetry’ in the 20th century III: Joachim Sartorius’ "Atlas" (1996)

Constructing ‘world poetry’ in the 20th century IV: Raoul Schrott’s "Erfindung der Poesie" (1997)

 

Contemporary Weltverkehr of Comparatist Scholars. World Congresses of the International Comparative Literature Association (ICLA)

The Notion of Cross-Cultural Weltverkehr and its Meaning for Comparative Literature

Basic Principles of the ICLA / AILC Activities

Medial Aspects of Translatio Studii and the Weltverkehr of Books and Scholars:The ICLA/AILC Congress Proceedings

Geographical Aspects of Translatio Studii and the Weltverkehr of Scholars: the ICLA / AILC Congress Venues

Linguistic Aspects of Translatio Studii and the Weltverkehr of Scholars: The ICLA / AILC Congress Languages

Personal Aspects of Translatio Studii and the Weltverkehr of Scholars: The Multinational and Transnational Character of the ICLA / AILC Members

Theoretical and Thematic Translatio Studii through the ICLA / AILC Congresses

Pedagogical Aspects of Translatio Studii and Cross-Cultural Weltverkehr

 

LITERARY MULTILINGUALISM I: GENERAL OUTLINES AND WESTERN WORLD

Traditional Mono- and Multilingualism

Purism and Barbarism

Babylonian Confusion

Medieval and Humanistic Diglossia

Intertextual Multilingualism

Intratextual Colingualism

Macaronic Mixtilingualism

Occidental and Oriental Multilingualism

Courtly Multilingualism

Pentecostal Multilingualism

Modern Diglossia

National and International Multilingualism

Post/Modern Multilingualism

Simultaneism and Globoglossia

Primitivist and Futurist Multlilingualism

Panlingualism

Onomatopoetics

Futurist Multilingualism and Fascist Monolingualism

Postwar Internationalism

Poetic Holography and Zerography

Fictional Holography and Zerography

Conflictive Multilingualism

Mass-Medial Multilingualism

 

Literary multilingualism II: Multilingualism in India

Indian Multilingualism 

Indian Bilingualism   

Bilingual Texts in India 

 

PHONETICS

Articulatory phonetics

The organs and physiology of speech

Consonants

Vowels

IPA notation

Acoustic phonetics

Auditory phonetics

Instrumental measurements and experiments

Suprasegmentals

Practical applications of phonetics

Clinical phonetics

Forensic phonetics

Other areas of application

 

PHONOLOGY

The basic notions of phonology

Segments of sound

Distinctive features

The nature of distinctive features

The classification of distinctive features

Major class features

Laryngeal features

Manner features

Place features

Suprasegmentals

Prosodic features, domains and rules

Prosodic typology

Rhythmic typology

Tonal typology

Phonological theories and models

Structuralist phonology

Generative phonology

Derivational phonology

Linear (SPE) phonology

Post-SPE phonology

Non-derivational phonology: optimality theory

 

LANGUAGE TEACHING METHODOLOGY AND SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

Language Teaching Methodology

Historical overview of foreign language teaching (FLT) methods

The present

Communicative language teaching (CLT)

Task-based language learning

Computer-assisted language learning (CALL)

Content of language teaching

Pronunciation

Grammar

Vocabulary

Literature

Intercultural communication

Language for specific purposes (LSP)

Teaching language skills

Syllabus design

Materials development

Language assessment

The language classroom

Classroom interaction

Classroom management

The language learner

Learner age

Learner attitudes and motivation

Learner strategies

Other learner characteristics

Language teacher competences

Second Language Acquisition (SLA)

SLA: definition and goals

Historical overview of SLA research

Contrastive analysis

Error analysis

Interlanguage studies

SLA in 1980's and 1990's

Current research issues

SLA and learning

SLA and age effects

Crosslinguistic interaction

Variation and fossilization

Input and interaction in SLA

The current state of SLA theories and research methods

 

ECOLINGUISTICS

Theoretical basis of ecolinguistics

Ecology as Metaphor – the Haugenian paradigm

Societal language contacts

Linguistic and biological diversity

Endangered Languages

Individual language ecology

Language, Nature and environment – the Hallidayan paradigm

Ecological critique of the language system

Eco-critical discourse analysis

The discourse of advertising

Euphemizing discourse

Critique of eco-criticism

Applications and future trends

Applications in Haugenian ecolinguistics

Applications in Hallidayan ecolinguistics

 

THE ART OF LEXICOGRAPHY

Definition

The History of Lexicography

Lexicography and Allied Fields

Lexicology and Lexicography

Linguistics and Lexicography

Grammar and Lexicography

Encyclopedia and lexicography

Typological Classification of Dictionary

General Dictionary

Normative Dictionary

Referential or Descriptive Dictionary

Historical Dictionary

Etymological Dictionary

Dictionary of Loanwords

Encyclopedic Dictionary

Learner's Dictionary

Monolingual Dictionary

Special Dictionaries

Electronic Dictionary

Groundwork for Dictionary Making

Panning

Data Collection

Extraction of lexical items

Selection of Lexical Items

Mode of Lexical Selection

Dictionary Making: General Dictionary

Headwords

Spelling

Pronunciation

Etymology

Morphology and Grammar

Meaning

Illustrative Examples and Citations

 

CORPUS LINGUISTICS: AN INTRODUCTION

What is a Corpus?

Salient Features of Corpus

Quantity

Quality

Representation

Simplicity

Equality

Retrievability

Verifiability

Augmentation

Documentation

Types of Corpus

Genre

Nature of Data

Type of Text

Purpose of Design

Nature of Application

Issues Related to Written Corpus Generation

Why Corpora are Needed?

Factors Related to Written Corpus Generation

Size of Corpus

Representation of Text Types

Determination of Time Span

Selection of Text Documents

Selection of Writers

Determination of Target Users

Process Of Written Corpus Generation

Method of Text Selection

Methods of data entry

Texts from electronic resources

Text from Internet

Data collection by OCR system

Manual word entry

Method of Corpus Sanitation

Omission of Character

Addition of Character

Selection of Wrong Character

Repetition of Character

Transposition of Character

Method of Corpus Management

Functional Relevance of Corpus

 

Historical Evolution of the world's Languages

Models of language spread

Wave of advance

Elite dominance

Language families in the Old World

Language families in the New World

Recent history

 

Religion, Values and Sustainable Development

Introduction

Values and social action

Values as cognitive dimension

Values, interests, habits

Human values

Universal values

Values and social change

Moral Values

Moral values and scientific approach

Moral values and ideologies

Religious values

Beyond religious values

Secular Values

Global and local values

Values and sustainable development

 

RISK SOCIETY, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND RELIGION

Risk Society Thesis

Reflexive Modernity and Ontological Security

Risk Society and Sustainable Development

Sustainable Development and Religion

Risk Society and Religion

 

Environment and Religion in a Developing Country: The Role of Sacrifice in the XangO of Recife (Brazil)

Previous Literature

The Xango and the City

Rituals and Victuals

The Inputs of Reciprocity

Final Remarks

 

WORLD SYSTEM HISTORY

What is World System History?

A set of questions

Context, origins, and methods

Fundamental  Processes

The Promise,and the Prospect

 

BIG HISTORY

Definitions

Antecedents

Big History Today

Common Themes and Questions

Problems and Difficulties 

 

WORLD-SYSTEMS ANALYSIS

Historical origins of world-systems analysis  

Basic concepts of world-systems analysis  

The Space of Social Reality:

The Time of Social Reality

Epistemological consequences

Critiques of world-systems analysis 

 

STATES SYSTEMS AND UNIVERSAL EMPIRES

Civilizations and World Systems

The Character of States Systems.

Conditions favorable to states systems

Geographic dissection and openness; demographic sparsity and mobility.

Restricted technology of movement.

Ethnocultural heterogeneity.

Cheap, easy and defensive military technology.

Conditions favored by states systems

Ethnocultural heterogeneity.

Political freedom and cultural creativity.

Perpetual war.

The Character of Universal Empires.

The Pathology and Survival of States Systems

The Pathology and Survival of Universal Empires.

Why is there no Universal Empire Today?

 

THE SILK ROAD: AFRO-EURASIAN CONNECTIVITY ACROSS THE AGES

An Introduction to the Silk Road

Caravan Routes

The Term "The Silk Road"

Silk and Other Merchandise along the Silk Road

An Historical Overview

The First Golden Age: The Era of Four Empires (100 BCE–200 CE)

Han China

Parthia

Art along the Silk Road

Rome and India

The Collapse of the Roman and Chinese Empires

Continued Interchange

The Second Golden Age: The Sogdian Era (200-600)

Faxian

The Sogdians after 600

The Third Golden Age: The Era of China’s Second Empire (600–750)

Xuanzang

Chinese Exports

Religions along the Silk Road

The Fourth Golden Age: Dar al-Islam (750–1000)

Dar al-Islam and the Transmission of Ideas

A Shift Away from the Land Routes

The Song Interlude: Song China Takes to the Ocean (1127–1279)

The Fifth Golden Age: The Era of the Pax Mongolica (ca. 1260–ca. 1350)

The Great Eurasian Pandemic

The Timurids and the Indian Summer of the Silk Road (1400–1500)

A New World

The European Impact on the Global Economy

Qing China and the Revival of Central Asian Commerce

The Indian Diaspora

Russian Expansion into Central Asia’s Trade Routes: From Silk Road to Cotton Road

Cotton Monoculture

The Silk Road Today

 

DARK AGES IN WORLD SYSTEM HISTORY

Nature of Dark Ages

Duration of Dark Ages

Culture/Nature Relations and Ecological Crisis over World System History: A Brief Overview (2200 B.C. – A.D. 900)

Deforestation

Climate Changes

Socioeconomic and Political Changes: Deurbanization, Population, Regime Change and Innovations

Systems Transformation

 

THE KONDRATIEFF WAVE AS GLOBAL SOCIAL PROCESS

Long Waves of Economic Growth and Their Correlates

The Price (+) Route

The Schumpeterian Path

The Very Long Path

Other Lines of Inquiry

 

Globalization in Historical Perspective

What is Globalization?

When did Globalization Begin?

The Industrial Revolution

The rise of the West

The Riches of the East

Tipping Points

The Great Divergence of East and West

The Rise of the East

The Long Age of Divergence

The Great Convergence

 

EMERGENCE OF A GLOBAL POLITY

The World in 1000 and 2000

Global Political Institutions

The World System

Toward an Explanation

Globalization

An Evolutionary Learning Process

What about "Group Selection"?

Society of States, or Global Polity?

A Mechanism: The Long Cycle

Necessary Conditions

Four Phases of the Learning Cycle

Evolution of a Global Polity

Periods of Global Political Evolution

The Role of Nation-States

Beyond 2000

  

EPISTEMOLOGY OF WORLD SYSTEM HISTORY: LONG-TERM PROCESSES AND CYCLES

Shortcomings of Traditional Social Science

Disciplinarity and State Centrism

Narrow Temporal and Geographic Scope

Fundamental Methodological Components of World System History

Systemic Level Analysis

Transdisciplinarity

An Emphasis on the Long-Term

Globo-Centrism

Methodological Challenges to World System History

Determinism

Recognition

Reflectivity

Demobilization

Indeterminacy

The Status of these Challenges in World System History

Determinism in world system history

Conclusions on Determinism

Indeterminacy in world system history

Approaches to Indeterminacy

Hypothesis testing vs. a criteria of completeness

The agent-structure problem

Indeterminacy under control?

A Predictable World System Future?

 

One World System or Many: The Continuity Thesis in World System History

Continuity in World History

Historical Materialism 

Economic Cycles

Core-Periphery Hierarchies

Hegemony and Super-Hegemony

Continuity Thesis and Historical Dialectics 

Capital versus Oikos

Unfree labor versus free commodified labor

Organization versus entropy  

Humanocentrism

 

WORLD POPULATION HISTORY

A Harsh Beginning

The Mortality Revolution Begins

Fertility Regulation and Its Politics

Fertility Regulation

Influential Figures

Postwar Population Conferences

Sources of Demographic Knowledge

Early Censuses

Early Demographic Analysis

Modern-era Censuses

Demographic Surveys

The Demographic Transition

The Early Transition

The Post-1945 Transition

The Postwar Explosion

Addressing the Explosion

Factors Affecting Fertility Levels

The Contemporary Situation

Recent Birth Rate Trends - The Developed Countries

Recent Birth Rate Trends - The Developing Countries

HIV/AIDS

 

WORLD URBANIZATION: THE ROLE OF SETTLEMENT SYSTEMS IN HUMAN SOCIAL EVOLUTION

Human Settlement Systems in World System History

The Evolution of Early Settlement Systems

The First Villagers

The Hilly Flanks

To the Flood Plain

Sedentary/Nomadic Coevolution

Processes and Evolution of Urban Development

Settlement Size: Hierarchy and Power

Cities and Social Evolution

Emerging Patterns of Urbanization in the World System

The Volcano Model

Low-density Cities

The Contemporary World City Network

City Regions

The Global City System

Cities and the Future

 

DEMOCRATIZATION: THE WORLD-WIDE SPREAD OF DEMOCRACY IN THE MODERN AGE

Early European Republicanism, to 1517

Early Modern Democracy, 1517-1814

The Dutch, the English, and Liberal Advantage, 1562-1609

English Events, 1642-1689: Civil War and Glorious Revolution

The Enlightenment, 1715-1776

The Age of Revolution, 1776-1814

Liberalism in Europe, 1814-1848

The Revolutions of 1830

The Revolutions of 1848

Britain as Liberal Power?

Scientific Racism and the Standard of Civilization: Europe and the World, 1856-1914

Democracy Unbound: Three Liberal Moments, 1919, 1945, 1989

WWI and Its Moment

WWII and Its Moment

The Post-Cold War Moment, 1989-2001?

Today’s Democratic Challenges

 

THE RISE OF GLOBAL PUBLIC OPINION

Popular movements and global institution-building

Responses to Globalization 

Organizing Global Public Opinion.

The World Social Forum Process.

 

EAST ASIA IN THE WORLD SYSTEM

East Asia before the Capitalist World-Economy

The formation of the East Asia Region

Economic development of East Asia before 1800

The Fall of East Asia

Why East Asia dynamics stopped before 1800?

Why East Asia couldn’t resist incorporation into the capitalist world-Economy?

The decline of Chinese empire in the 19th century

The great escape of Japan

Attempt towards regionalization in the first half of the 20th century

Sino-Japanese Wars and the Communist Revolution in China

The Resurgence of East Asia in the World System

US-centered capitalist world economy

The socialist and capitalist semi-peripheral paths in East Asia

East Asia in the 21st century

Toward East Asian dominance in the world system?

 

INCORPORATING NORTH AMERICA INTO THE EURASIAN WORLD-SYSTEM

Excursus on Terminology

The "War in the Tribal Zone" Effect

Ecology of the Encounter

European Arrivals

The Fur Trade

Gender Roles

   Incorporation as a Social Process

 

CIVILIZATIONAL ANALYSIS: A PARADIGM IN THE MAKING

Classical Sources

Eisenstadt and the Axial Age

Axial transformations

A new vision of modernity   

Civilization and Civilizations

Norbert Elias and state formation

Early civilizations

Domains of Civilizational Analysis

Cultural problematics

Political traditions and transformations

The economic sphere

Themes for Further Research

Towards Modernity

Objections and Qualifications

Civilizations, societies and religions

Boundaries, encounters and entanglements

Historical and geographical settings

 

MESOAMERICAN CIVILIZATION: PATTERN AND PROCESS

Culture Area, Symbiotic Region, and World System

Culture Historical Overview

History of Mesoamerican Archaeology

Environment and Early Occupation

Archaic Foraging and the Origins of Agriculture

The Early Mesoamerican Village

Regional Comparisons

Case Study: Tayata

The Mesoamerican Urban Tradition

Regional Comparisons

Case Study: Huamelulpan

Classic Period Collapses

 

Islamic Civilizations

Origins and Sources 

Islam and Social Integration

Islam as Basis of a Universal Community 

The Evolution of Shari’a

The Problem of Rule and Succession 

The Islamic Middle Age: Syncretism, Diversity, Cataclysm, Expansion 

Islamic Modernity  

Questions of Social Integration and Political Participation in Modernity

 

SOCIOLOGY

Birth and Development of Sociology

Pre-Sociology

Classical Sociology

Modern Sociology

Structural Functionalism

Neo-Evolutionism

Materialism (Marxism)

Theories of Social Conflict

Behaviorism

Phenomenological Sociology

Methods of Sociological Research

Types of Sociological Research

Pilot Research

Descriptive Investigation

Analytical Research

Programs of Sociological Research

Collection of Sociological Information

Emergence of Global Society and New Sociology

Globalization: Social Problems

Sustainable Development and Noosphere as a Subject of Sociological Analysis

 

WESTRERN PHILOSOPHY AND THE LIFE-GROUND

The Life-Ground in Western Philosophy Via Negativa

Rarefying the Life-Ground: the Ideal Turn of Ancient Philosophy

The Ionians and Empedocles

Pythagoras

Heraclitus

The Eleatics

The Sophists

The Skeptics

The Otherworldly Horizon: the Long-Lasting Legacy of Socrates and Plato

Socrates

Plato

Heathen Neo-Platonism

Early Christian Neo-Platonism

Tertullian and His Heirs

The Otherworldly Horizon as the Medieval Mindset

The Modern Separation from the Life-Ground: Kant’s Copernican Revolution

Modern Science

Rationalism and Empiricism

Kant

Idealism

Schelling

Schopenhauer

Rarefying Western Philosophy: the Linguistic Turn of the Twentieth Century

The Life-ground in Western Philosophy Via Positiva

Western Philosophy as the Mother of All Sciences

Aristotle

Ancient Atomism

Aristotelian Platonism and Mechanism

The Medieval Life-Ground of God

The Birth of Modern Science

Descartes and Modern Mechanism

Western Philosophy Reclaiming the Life-Ground in Human Conduct

Ancient Agrarianism

The Kennel, the Garden and the Porch

Humanism and Renaissance

The Iron Century

The Enlightenment

Marxism and Liberalism

Western Philosophy and the Life-Revealing Given of Existence

Academic Skepticism and Its Legacy

Existentialism

Nietzsche

Wittgenstein

Ecological Platonism

Green Thought

 

LIFE RESPONSIBILITY VERSUS MECHANICAL REDUCTIONISM: WESTERN WORLD-VIEWS OF NATURE FROM PANTHEISM TO POSITIVISM

The modern Western idea of ‘the natural world’

Other cosmological patterns

The Biblical view of the world

Ancient Greek science and philosophy

Organism and ‘mechanism’

Beings and Being

Cyclical cosmology

Attitudes towards the universe

The mediaeval world-view

The impact of the 'mechanistic' universe of Newtonian science

Reductionism

Direct implications of reductionism.

The missing third realm

Quantification

Teleology and functions

Indirect implications

Reactions against the new view of nature and its alleged implications<