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AN OVERVIEW
OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICS
Ancient roots
Classical physics
Modern physics
DEVELOPMENT
OF FUNDAMENTALS IN PHYSICS
Newtonian Mechanics
Position, velocity and acceleration
Newton’s equation of motion
Energy and work
Hamilton formalism
Lagrange formalism and the principle of least action
Rotational motion
Kepler’s laws of planetary motion
Units of physical quantities
Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
Temperature and pressure
Heat and Heat Transfer
The first law of thermodynamics
Thermal properties of gases
Thermodyanmics
The second law of thermodynamics
The kinetic theory of gases
Principles of Optics and Acoustics
Principles of optics
Principles of acoustics
Propagation of sound
Group velocity, phase velocity, and the Doppler effect
Electricity and Magnetism
Electricity
Magnetism
Electrostatics and magnetostatics
Relation between electricity and magnetism
Unification of electricity and magnetism
Vector fields and vector calculus
Energy of electromagnetic fields
Unification of the electromagnetism and the optics
Electromagnetic potentials
Systems of units
PHYSICAL
SYSTEMS AND LAWS
Symmetry Principles and Conservation Laws
Geometrical Symmetry of Shapes or Patterns
Geometrical Principles of Symmetry or Invariance and Physical
Laws
Conservation Laws and Invariance Principles
Charge Conservation
Discrete Symmetries of Charged Systems
Spontaneous Broken Symmetry
Special and General Relativity
Special relativity
Lorentz Transformations and Relativistic
Four-vectors
Relativistic Dynamics
General Relativity
Statistical Physics
Isolated Systems
Closed Systems
Open Systems
Equilibrium between Phases
Partition Functions
Fluctuations
Open Systems Away from Equilibrium
Complex Systems and Non-linear Dynamics
Attractors
Bifurcations
Entrainments
Fractals
Chaos
PARTICLES
AND FIELDS
Elementary and Fundamental Particles
Elementary Particles before 1970
Detections of Particles
Elementary Particles after 1970
Types of Interactions
Violation of Space-time Inversion Symmetries
Atoms, Molecules and Nuclei
Molecules
Nuclei
Radioactive Nuclei
Nuclear Reactions
Fission and Fusion
Electromagnetic Waves and Fields
QUANTUM
SYSTEMS
Quantum Mechanical Laws
Stationary States of Quantum Systems
Stationary states of a freely moving particle.
Stationary states of a particle in an infinitely high square
potential.
Stationary states of a particle in a harmonic oscillator
potential in one-dimensional space
Stationary states of a particle in a harmonic oscillator
potential in three-dimensional space.
Stationary states of a charged particle in a coulomb
potential.
Barrier problems
Nuclear alpha decays
Atoms, Molecules and Solids
Atoms
Molecules
Solids
Phonons
Superconductivity and superfluidity
Superfluidity
Interaction of Radiation with Matter
Gauge Invariance and the Minimal Coupling of the
Electromagnetic Field with Charged Particles
QUANTUM SYSTEMS
Origin and development of quantum mechanics
Wave-particle Duality
Quantum Mechanics in a Space of
States
Phase Space Formulation
Wigner Function
Properties of the Wigner
Function
Time Evolution of the Wigner Function
Tomograms and Probability
Representation
Bose-Einstein condensates
Identical Particles
Bose-Einstein Condensation
Cooling of Atoms
Absorption and Emission of Light
Doppler Cooling
Sisyphus Cooling
Evaporative Cooling
Quantum theory of information
Quantum Computation
Qubits and Quantum Algorithms
Entanglement
Quantum Communications and Cryptography
Quantum Teleportation
Dense Coding
STATIONARY
STATES IN A POTENTIAL WELL
Stationary Orbits in Old Quantum Mechanics
Quantized Planetary Atomic Model
Bohr’s Hypotheses and Quantized Circular Orbits
From Quantized Circles to Elliptical Orbits
Experimental Proof of the Existence of Atomic
Stationary States
Stationary States in Wave Mechanics
The Schrödinger Equation
The Dynamical Phase
The Schrödinger Wave Stationarity
Stationary Schrödinger
States and Classical Orbits
Stationary States as Sturm-Liouville
Eigenfunctions
The Infinite
Square Well: The Stationary States Most
Resembling the Standing Waves on a String
1D Parabolic Well: The Stationary States of the Quantum
Harmonic Oscillator
The Solution of the Schrödinger Equation
The Normalization Constant
Final Formulas for the HO Stationary States
The Algebraic Approach: Creation and Annihilation
Operators
HO Spectrum Obtained from Wilson-Sommerfeld
Quantization Condition
The 3D Coulomb Well: The Stationary States of the Hydrogen
Atom
The Separation of Variables in Spherical Coordinates
The Angular Separation Constants as Quantum Numbers
The Azimuthal Solution and the
Magnetic Quantum Number
The Polar Solution and the Orbital Quantum Number
The Space Quantization
Polar and Azimuthal
Solutions Set Together
The Radial Solution and the Principal Quantum Number
Final Formulas for the Hydrogen Atom Stationary States
Electronic Probability Density
Other 3D Coordinate Systems Allowing Separation of
Variables
The 3D Parabolic Well: The Stationary States of the Isotropic
Harmonic Oscillator
Stationary Bound States in the Continuum
ORDER
AND DISORDER IN NATURE
Structure of Solids and Liquids
Crystalline Structure of Solids
Liquids
Phase Transitions and Spontaneous Broken Symmetry
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking
Order Parameter
Non-equilibrium Processes
AN
INTRODUCTION TO AND OVERVIEW OF FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICS
Review of different areas of physics
Basic Concepts in Physics
Physical Systems and Laws
Particles and Fields
Quantum Systems
Order and Disorder in Nature
Nuclear Processes
Contemporary Physics
Future Directions in Physics
Economical and Social Implications of physics
HISTORICAL
REVIEW OF ELEMENTARY CONCEPTS IN PHYSICS
Newtonian Physics
Electricity Magnetism and Optics
Thermodynamics
Quantum Mechanics
Theory of Relativity
Final Remarks
EVOLUTION
OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLE PHYSICS IN THE 20TH CENTURY
Atoms, Nuclei and Radioactivity
Ultraviolet and Atomic Catastrophes
Quantum Mechanics
Quantum Theory of Complex Atoms
Nuclear Structure
Relativity and Quantum Mechanics
The Force Messengers
The Weak Force
The Lepton and Baryon Families
The Quark Model
The Unified Theory
Quantum Chromodynamics
What comes next?
MECHANICS
OF SOLIDS
Historical Notes
General Considerations
Clasical Theory of Elasticity
Beams and Plates
Body and Surface Waves
The Navier Equations
Fracture
Finite Elasticity
Computational Mechanics
Granular Materials
ELECTRICITY
AND MAGNETISM
Electrostatics
Electrical Conduction
Magnetostatics and Electromagnetism
Electromagnetic Induction
Maxwell Equations
Electromagnetic Waves
Mathematical Appendix
PRINCIPLES
OF OPTICS
Geometrical Optics
Fermat=s Principle and Law of Refraction
First Order Optics
Aberrations
Wave Optics
Diffraction
Young=s Double Slit
Interferometeres and Coherence of Light Sources
Photon or Quantum Optics
Optical Instruments
Magnifiers
Ophthalmic Lenses
Telescopes and Microscopes
Medical Optical Instruments
Projectors
Optical Metrology and Interferometry
Main Interferometers Used in Metrology
Newton Rings and Fizeau
Interferometer
Twyman-Green Interferometer
Ronchi and Lateral Shear Interferometers
Holography
Thin Holograms
Thick Holograms
Interferometric Holography
Lasers
Laser Principles
Laser Types
Laser Applications
Applications of Optics
Optics in Astronomy and Physics
Optics in Medicine and Life Sciences
Optics in Industry
Optics in Telecommunications
PRINCIPLES
OF ACOUSTICS
History
Basic Concepts
What is Sound?
Characteristics of a Wave
Intensity of Sound
Pitch
Mathematical Description
Speed of Sound
Doppler Effect
Reflection and Refraction
Interference and Superposition
Standing Waves
Timbre, Modes and Harmonics
Diffraction
The Ear
Outer Ear
Middle Ear
Inner Ear
Applications
Ultrasound
Medicine
Noise Control
Meteorology and Seismology
Harmonic Synthesis
Architecture and Design
Speech and Voice
Recording and Reproduction
Other
HISTORY
OF NOBEL LAUREATES IN PHYSICS
Atomic
and Particle Physics
Quantum
Mechanics
Condensed
Matter
Astrophysics
Thermodynamics
and Statistical Mechanics
Development
of Experimental Methods and Technology
On
the nature of light and its applications
On
the insight into microscopic and nanoscopic
dimensions
On
the study of matter through spectroscopy
On
the study of particles and atoms
On
the study of atomic magnetism
On
the advances of technology and our everyday life
LAWS OF
PHYSICAL SYSTEMS
Concepts, Theory and Experiments
Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Cosmology
General Relativity
Loop Quantum Gravity
String Theory
M-Theory and Holography
Emergent Phenomena
Plasmas
Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics
Complex Systems and Chaos
SYMMETRY
PRINCIPLES AND CONSERVATION LAWS
Symmetries and Conservation Laws; Noether’s Theorem
Internal Symmetries in Physics
Symmetries and Mathematics
Discrete Symmetries: P and C
Isospin and SU(2)
The Group SU(3) and the quark
model
Gauge symmetries and fundamental
interactions
Symmetry and Observables
TYPES OF
INTERACTIONS
Description of Interactions in Quantum Mechanics and Quantum
Field Theory
The Action Principle
Symmetries of the Action
Canonical and Path Integral Quantization
Space-Time Symmetries and Their Representations
Gauge Symmetries and Interactions
Gauge Symmetry of Matter Fields
Gauge Symmetry of Gauge Fields
Conformal Invariance
Gauge Symmetries and Quantization
The Known Fundamental Interactions of Nature
The Electromagnetic Interaction
The Electroweak Interaction
The Strong Interaction
The Gravitational Interaction
Unification of Interactions
A Theory of Everything?
SPECIAL
AND GENERAL RELATIVITY
Relativity in physics
General relativity
Contemporary developments circa 2004
COMPLEX
SYSTEMS AND NON-LINEAR DYNAMICS
Complex Systems
Non-Linear Dynamics and Chaos
Topics Involved
Hamiltonian chaos
Dissipative chaos
Non-linear dynamics and chaos in
physiology
Control and synchronization of chaos
PLASMAS
Astrophysical plasmas
Introduction
Bright and dark clouds in the interstellar medium
The formation of low mass stars and planets
The solar wind and coronal mass ejections
Geophysical plasmas
Introduction
Auroras
Lightning
Volcanic lightning
Laboratory plasmas
Introduction
Fusion Plasmas
Magnetic confinement
Inertial confinement
Cold plasmas
Laser Plasmas
ELEMENTARY AND FUNDAMENTAL
PARTICLES
Historical, Semantic and Formal Aspects
Elementary Today
Interactions and Fundamental Symmetries
A Bit of Formalism
Final Remarks
MOLECULES,
ATOMS, AND NUCLEI
Atoms
The Quantum Formalism
The Spin
Multielectron Atoms
The Periodic Table
Manipulation of Atoms
Molecules
Chemical Bonding
Ionic and Covalent Bonds
Molecular Energy Spectra
Nuclei
Nuclear Masses and Abundances
Nuclear Models
The Liquid Drop Model
The Shell Model
Radioactivity
Alpha, Beta and Gamma Decays
Final Remarks
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
Maxwell’s Equations
The Propagation of Electromagnetic Fields
Sinusoidal Electromagnetic Waves
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Electromagnetic Waves in Matter
Standing Waves
Energy and Momentum
Radiation Pressure
Radiation from an Antenna
Black Body Radiation
Cosmic Microwave Background
Polarization
Wave Phenomena: Interference and Diffraction
The Quantum States of Radiation: Photons
Atomic Line Spectra
Energy Levels in Atoms
The Laser
Electromagnetic Communication
Atoms and Molecules
High Precision Atomic Spectroscopy
Negative Ions
Atomic Collisions
Hollow Atoms
Heavy Ion Collisions
Cold Collisions
Rydberg Atoms
Parity Nonconservation in
Atoms
Exotic Atoms
Atom Optics
Molecules
Gases
Molecules in Solids and Liquids
Basic Molecular Principles
Water Molecules and Some Chemical Reactions
Photosynthesis
QUANTUM-MECHANICAL
DESCRIPTION OF SOLIDS
Energy Bands
Translational Symmetry: Bloch’s Theorem
Features of Energy Bands
Manifestations of Other Crystal
Symmetries in the Energy Bands
Metals, Semiconductors, and Insulators
Bandstructure Calculation Methods
Pseudopotential Methods
Tight-Binding Methods
Interface States
QUANTUM
PHENOMENA IN LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS
Making Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures
Physics in Quantum Systems of Reduced Dimensions
Effective Mass Theory
Density of States
Mesoscopic Physics
Aharonov-Bohm Effect
Persistent Currents
Phase-Coherent Transport
Dephasing by Electron-Electron Interaction
Thouless Energy
Integrable Systems
Fermi Liquid Theory and Beyond
Two-Dimensional Quantum Systems
Surface Science
Heterostructures
Quantum Wells and Superlattices
Two-Dimensional Electron Gas
The Electron Solid
The Metal-Insulator Transition
The Quantum Hall Effect
Composite Fermions
High-Temperature Superconductors
Two-Dimensional Magnetism
One-Dimensional Quantum Systems
Quantum Wires
Carbon Nanotubes
The Luttinger Liquid
State
Edge States of the Quantum Hall Fluid
Spin Chains
Zero-Dimensional Quantum Systems
Quantum Dots
Coulomb Blockade and the Single Electron Transistor.
Quantum Computers
Exact Diagonalization
Artificial Molecules
Nanocrystals and Nanoparticles
Acknowledgments
QUANTUM-MECHANICAL
DESCRIPTION OF MENDELEEV PERIODIC TABLE
Historical Notes
The
Atomic Models
The
First Quantum Atomic Model
The
Standard Schrödinger Quantum Hydrogen Atom
The Azimuthal Solution
and the Magnetic Quantum Number
The Polar Solution and the Orbital Quantum
Number
Polar and Azimuthal
Solutions Set Together
The Radial Solution and the
Principal Quantum Number
Final Formulas for the Hydrogen Atom Stationary
States
Electron Spin
Multielectron Atoms
Quantum
Mechanical Construction of the Periodic Table
The
Block Structure of the Periodic Table
Extra
Labels in the Periodic Table
The Electron Affinity of an Atom
Electronegativity Indices
More Extra Labels
STRUCTURE
OF SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
The
basic principle of atomic structure determination
The
scope of crystallography
The
crystallographic ruler
Crystallography
of crystals.
Diffraction
from ‘ideal’ single crystals
Diffraction
from powders.
The
use of powder and single crystal methods in structure determination.
Probing
disorder in crystals
X-ray
and neutron rulers.
Crystallography
of glasses and liquids.
Liquids,
glasses and crystals
Determining
liquid structures
Clustering
of an alcohol in water.
Salting
out of an aqueous amphiphile.
A
note on systems with intermediate order.
FLUCTUATIONS
Fluctuations
and physical properties
Fluctuations,
time correlation functions and transport properties
Quantum
fluctuations
PHASE TRANSITIONS
AND SPONTANEOUSLY BROKEN SYMMETRIES
Ferromagnetism
Continuous global symmetry: Nambu-Goldstone bosons
Continuous local symmetry: Higgs
bosons
Electroweak unification
UNIVERSALITY IN
CHAOS: EVOLUTION OF TURBULENCE
The Universality
The Dynamical Systems
The Logistic Map
The Lorenz Model
The Chemical Reactions
The Symbolic Dynamics
The Tools to Characterize Chaos
The Poincaré Map
The
Fractal Dimension
dF
The Lyapunov Exponents
and the Entropy
The Bifurcations
Time Series Analysis
The Correlation Integral
The State Space Reconstruction
Method of Mutual
Information
The Method of False Nearest Neighbors
Turbulence Phenomena
Description
Experimental Evidence and Measurements
Interpretation
Description of Dissipative Systems
The Navier-Stokes
Equation
The Navier-Stokes
Equation with Wavelets
NON-EQUILIBRIUM
PROCESSES
Non-equilibrium thermodynamics
Classical (linear) irreversible
thermodynamics
A recent application
Microscopic foundations
Kinetic theory
Fluctuations
TOPICAL
REVIEW: NUCLEAR PROCESSES
Comments on different aspects of nuclear processes
Nature of Nuclear Processes and Nuclear Models
Natural and Artificial Radioactivity
Nuclear Reactions
Interactions of Nuclear Radiation with Matter
Nucleosynthesis in Nature
Political and Social Implications of Nuclear physics, past,
present and future
NUCLEAR
MODELS: SHELL STRUCTURE AND THE EXTENSION OF THE PERIODIC SYSTEM
Cold valleys in the potential
Shell structure in the superheavy
region
Asymmetric and superasymmetric
fission - cluster radioactivity
Fission observed with the gamma-sphere: long living nuclear
molecules
Extension of the periodic system into the sections of hyper-
and antimatter
NATURAL
AND HUMAN-PRODUCED RADIOACTIVITY
Half-life
Types of radioactivity
Alpha Decay
Beta Decay
Gamma Decay
Proton Radioactivity
Heavy-nucleus Radioactivity
Spontaneous Fission
Natural radioactivity
Primordial Radioactivity
Cosmogenic Radioactivity
Natural Radioactivity in the Soil and the Ocean
Natural Radioactivity in the Body
Human-produced radioactivity
Nuclear Weapons Testing
Nuclear Energy
Medical, Industrial, and Research Uses of Radioactivity
Accidents
Human exposure to radioactivity
NUCLEAR
REACTIONS
Cross Section and Collision (S-) Matrix
Energy Relations
Differential Cross Section
Hamiltonian and Asymptotic Wave Function
The S Matrix, Reciprocity
Relation and Principle of Detailed Balance.
Cross Sections for Neutron - induced Reactions
Compound Nucleus Reactions
Compound Nucleus
R-Matrix Theory
Cross Sections for Compound Nucleus Reactions
The Optical Model
Formal Theory of Optical Model
Parametrization of the Optical Potential for
Nucleons
Direct Reactions
Distorted Wave Born Approximation
Transfer Reactions
Nuclear Reactions with Heavy Ions
Quasimolecular Resonances
Fusion and Quasifission of Heavy
Nuclei
Relativistic Heavy Ion Reactions
INTERACTION
OF NUCLEAR RADIATION WITH MATTER
Basic Concepts
Energy loss by heavy charged particles
Energy loss by electrons and positrons
Energy deposition by g -rays
Interaction of neutrons with matter
Nuclear radiation detection
Dosimetry and biological effects
NUCLEAR
SYNTHESIS IS NATURE
The General Concept
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
Stellar Nucleosynthesis
Stellar Core Burning
Stellar Shell Burning
The s-Process
Core Collapse Supernovae
Collapse Phase
Explosion Mechanism
The r-Process
Neutrino Nucleosynthesis
Nucleosynthesis in Explosive Binary Systems
Nova Explosions
Type Ia Supernovae
X-Ray Bursts and X-Ray Pulsars
Nucleosynthesis and Cosmic Rays
CIVIL
ENGINEERING
Historical Background of Civil Engineering
Engineering in General
Civil Engineering as the Oldest Engineering Discipline
Functions of Civil Engineering
Role of Civil Engineering
The Civil Engineering Profession
Branches of Civil Engineering
Social Development Of Civil Engineering
Education Systems
Licensing
Civil Engineering Societies
Prospects for the Twenty-First Century
Positive and Negative Legacies in the Twentieth Century
Role of Civil Engineering in the Twenty-First Century
Development of Better Balanced "Hard" and
"Soft" Technologies
Establishment of Suitable Maintenance Systems for Existing
Structures and Facilities
Efforts to Mitigate Damage Caused by Natural Disasters
Minimization of Human Impacts on Natural Environment
Effective Utilization of Advanced Technologies, such as
Information Technology
Global Environmental Problems
FIELDS
WITHIN CIVIL ENGINEERING
PORTS AND CANALS AS
WATERBORNE TRANSPORT FACILITIES
Ports and Canals in the Ancient World
Irrigation Canals and Rivers for Waterborne Transport
Port Construction in the Ancient World
Ports and Canals in the Seventh to Fifteenth Centuries
Grand Canal of China
Early Canals in Europe
Mediterranean and Hanseatic League Ports
Ports and Canals in the Sixteenth to Nineteenth Centuries
Briare Canal
and Midi Canal
of France
Canal Mania Age of England
Development of Transoceanic Trade Ports
Erie Canal of America
Suez Canal
Ports and Canals in the Twentieth Century
Panama Canal
Port Development for Great Steamships
Development of Ports for Containerships
Towards the Twenty First Century
TRANSPORTATION
ENGINEERING
Traffic Flow Fundamentals
Traffic Flow Characteristics and Theory
Time-Space Diagram
Flow-Density-Speed Relationship
Queueing Theory
Kinematic-Wave Theory
Car-Following Theory
Traffic Simulation
Traffic Capacity
Simple Section
Merging, Diverging, Weaving Sections
Intersections
Sensing Technology and Surveillance
Sensors
Surveillance
Transportation Planning
Data Collection
OD Surveys and PT Surveys
Advanced Survey Methods
Demand Prediction
Four-step Prediction Approach
Discrete Choice Analysis
Transportation Management
District-wide Management
Public Transportation Management
Comprehensive Traffic Management
Transportation System Management to Transportation Demand
Management
Advanced Ways for Management
Geometric Design of Highways
Classification of Highways
Cross-section of Highway
Alignment of Highway and Sight Distance
Horizontal Alignment
Vertical Alignment
Sight Distance
Three Dimensional Alignment
Intersections and Interchanges
At-Grade Intersections
Interchanges
Traffic Management
Aims of Traffic Management
Classification of Measures of Traffic Management
Measures that Influence Places and Times of Generation of
Traffic Demand
Measures that Influence Transport Mode Choices
Smoothing of Traffic Flows
Safety
Necessity of Systematic Approaches
Fundamentals of Accident Analysis in Each Step
Identification of Sites to Be Treated
Diagnosis: Problems, Causes and Possible Solutions
Selection of Measures to Be Applied
Evaluation of Measures Applied
URBAN
AND COMMUNITY PLANNING
Planning System
Definition of Planning
Systems Approach to Planning
Types of Planning
Land Use Planning
Transportation Planning
Environmental Planning
Other Types of Planning
Comprehensive Planning
Hierarchical Geographic Structure
Planning Area
Relationships between Hierarchical Plans
Planning Stages
Master Plan
Feasibility Study
Detailed Design
Planning Process
Flow of Planning Process
Determination of Objectives
Survey and Data Gathering
Data Analysis
Policy-Making
Implementation
Monitoring
Urban and Community Systems
Land-Use, Transportation and the Environment
The City as a System
Interactions Between Urban System Elements
Governmental Agencies
Urban System Elements and the Agencies in Charge
Coordination of Agencies
Policy Measures
Classification of Policy Measures
Regulation
Pricing/Taxation
Operation
Education/Information
Investment
Integration of Policy Measures
Analysis and Planning Techniques
Outline of Analysis Tools
Investigation of the Present Situation
Forecasts
Unit of Analysis
Key Factors for Planning
Socio-Economic Framework
Population
Economic Framework
Land Price
Importance of Land Price
Estimation of Land Price
Urban Models
System of a Urban Model
Existing Urban Models and Applications
Decision Support System
Institutional Set-Up
Planning Agencies and Practice
Citizen Participation
Finance
Government Finance and Project Evaluation
Value Capture
Private Finance
WASTEWATER
MANAGEMENT ENGINEERING
Wastewater Management
Historical Summary of Water Pollution Control
Collection and Treatment Schemes of Wastewater
Characterization of Wastewater
Municipal Wastewater
Industrial Wastewater
Processes for Wastewater Treatment
Screening
Sedimentation
Activated Sludge Processes
Biofilm Processes
Stabilization Ponds and Aerated Lagoons
Disinfection
Advanced Wastewater Treatment
Processes for Sludge Treatment
Thickening
Digestion
Dewatering
Incineration
Composting
Solid Wastes Management
Historical Summary of Wastes Problems
Accumulation of Solid Wastes and Start of Public Health
Issues
Conversion of Mass-disposal Society to Recycle-Oriented
Society
International Concern over Hazardous Wastes
Definition of Wastes
Definition and Classification of Wastes
Types of Wastes
Properties of Wastes
Waste Management Processes
Generation of Wastes
Sorting, Collection, Transportation
Intermediate Treatment and Landfilling
Waste Management System
Responsibility for Waste Management
System for Environmental Preservation
Waste Control Policies in the 21st Century
Order of Priority of Waste Control Policies
Building an Integrated Management System Concept of Zero Emissions
WATER
RESOURCES ENGINEERING
Recent Development in Water Resources Engineering
Worldwide Surge of Environmental Concern
Sustainability of Water Resources Projects
Hydroinformatics
Influence of Global Warming
Real Problems in Human Societies
Flood and Drought
Dams and Reservoirs
Hydropower Generation
New paradigm Water Ethics
How Water Resources Engineering Satisfies Water Ethics?
Partnered Approach
Value of Environment
SURVEY
ENGINEERING
Fundamentals of Plane Surveying
Plane Coordinate System
Vertical Datum
Errors in Surveying and Their Adjustments
Basic Survey Measurements
Distance Measurement
Angle Measurement
Leveling
Total Station
Control Surveys in Plane Surveying
Triangulation
Trilateration
Traversing
Control Surveys with GPS
Topographic Surveys
Ground Methods
Aerial Photogrammetric Methods
Newer Methods for Topographic Surveys
Other Branches of Surveying
Surveying and Geographic Information System
CONTROL
POINT SURVEYING AND TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING
Geodetic Background
Ellipsoid
Transformation between Geodetic Systems
Geoid
Datum Reconstruction with Space Geodesy
Surveying Instruments for Horizontal Survey
Transit
EDM
Total Station
Survey Instruments for Vertical Survey
Horizontal Control
Datum Origin
Geodetic Network
Control Point surveying
Triangulation
Trilateration
Traversing
GPS in Trilateration and Traversing
Vertical Control
Vertical Datum
Leveling
Topographic Mapping
Photogrammetry
Ground Method
GLOBAL
POSITIONING SYSTEM
Overview of GPS
Space Segment
Control segment
User segment
Point Positioning by GPS
Errors in GPS Observables
Coordinate System of GPS
Relative Positioning by GPS
Differential GPS
Carrier Phase Positioning
Surveying with GPS
Static Surveying
Kinematic Surveying
The future of GPS
PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Orientation
Stereoscopic instruments
Exterior orientation
Interior orientation
Relative orientation
Absolute orientation
Successive orientation
Accuracy
Calibration
Collinearity equations
Initial approximations of orientation parameters
Combined adjustment
Analytical Aerotriangulation
Matching
Area-based matching
Feature-based matching
Accuracy in digital photogrammetry
Application examples of digital photogrammetry
City modeling
Human motion analysis
Gait analysis
Ergonomics and management
Digital archives of Relics
Into the 21st century
SATELLITE
REMOTE SENSING
Principles of Remote Sensing
Electromagnetic Radiation
Spectral Reflectance of Earth Surface Features
Overview of Representative Satellite Remote Sensing Systems
and Their Characteristics
Characteristics of Satellite Remote Sensing Systems
Spatial Resolution
Spectral Resolution
Temporal Resolution
Representative Satellite Remote Sensing Systems
Fundamentals of Data Processing
Color Composite Imaging
Image Classification
Recent Trends of Satellite Remote Sensing
GEOGRAPHIC
INFORMATION SYSTEM
Types of data used in GIS
Graphic data
Graphic entities
Graphic data models
Data layer
Nongraphic data
Attributes
Topological relationships
Map annotations
Data acquisition and data base maintenance
Data acquisition
Generating new digital data
Acquiring existing digital data
Data base maintenance
Spatial data analysis and output production
Spatial data analysis
Measurement analysis
Spatial Relationship analysis
Buffering
Overlay
Thiessen polygon
Network operations
Digital terrain analysis
Output Production
GIS applications
Other similar systems
LIS (Land Information System)
AM/FM (Automated Mapping/Facility Management) system
CAD/CAM (Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing)
CONSTRUCTION AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
Strutural Type
Strutural Materials
Strutural analysis
Strutural Design
Construction
Management
STRUCTURAL
TYPES
Structural
types
The
origin of the use of arches
STRUCTURAL
ANALYSIS
Structural system
Structural modeling
Linearity of the structural system
Definition of kinematics
Definitions of statics
Balance of linear momentum
Material constitution
Reduction of 3D constitutive equations for 2D plane problems
Deduction of Euler-Bernoulli Beams from Solid
Methods of structural analysis
Discrete modeling of structures
Matrix force method
Matrix displacement method
Trends and perspectives
STRUCTURAL
STABILITY AND NONLINEAR BEHAVIOR
Nonlinear Materials and Members
Structural Limit States
Failures of Structures
Buckling Failures
Impact Failures
Shear Failures
Flexural Failures
Inelastic Behavior
Hysteretic Restoring Force
Inelastic Energy Absorption
Inelastic Earthquake Response
Earthquake Energy Partitioning
Structural Deterioration
Damage Index
EARTHQUAKE
RESISTANT DESIGN
Seismic Coefficient Method
Response Spectrum
Modified Seismic Coefficient Method
Elasto-Plastic Response and Ultimate
Strength of Structures
Performance-Based Design
Earthquake Ground Motion for Design
Dynamic Response Analysis
Response Displacement Method
Seismic Diagnosis and Retrofitting
EARTHQUAKE
RESISTANT BASES AND FOUNDATIONS
Ground Failures Other than Soil Liquefaction
Slope Failures
Debris Flow
Ground Failures Associated with Soil Liquefaction
Soil Liquefaction
Mechanism of Soil Liquefaction
Liquefaction-induced Lateral Spreading
Pile Damage Resulting from Liquefaction-induced Ground
Displacement
Ground Motion Characteristics in Soft and Liquefied Soils
Simplified Procedure for Soil Liquefaction Evaluations
Liquefaction Remediations
Simplified Design Method for Pile Foundations
Estimation of Stress and Deformation of Pile
Estimation of Cyclic Ground Displacement
Estimation of Permanent Ground Displacement near Waterfront
Base Isolation
EARTHQUAKE-RESISTANT
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
Historical Development
Seismic Actions
Characteristics of Earthquake Motion
Lateral Response in Buildings
Performance Requirements of Buildings
Life Safety Limit States
Repairability Limit States
Serviceability Limit States
Capacity Design Method
Seismic Isolation and Vibration Control
Retrofitting of Existing Buildings
SAFETY
ANALYSIS
Design Principle
Uncertainties for Structural Systems and Acting Loads
Safety Factor and Probability of Failure
Design Practice
Safety Goals and Structural Performance
GEOTECHNICAL
ENGINEERING
Subsurface Investigation for Site Characterization
Standard Penetration Test (SPT)
Cone Penetration Test (CPT)
Plate Loading Test
Geophysical Investigations
Downhole and Uphole
Method
Crosshole Method
Foundations
Types of Foundations
Individual Column Footing
Continuous Foundation
Mat or Raft Foundation
Pile Foundation
Methods of Pile Installation
Design Tenets for Footing Foundation
Pile Foundation
Criteria for Pile Design
Earth Pressure and Open Cuts
Earth Pressure on Retaining Wall
Earth Pressure in Open Cut
Ground Deformation Induced by Open Excavation
Ground Improvement
Replacement
Sand Drain and Dewatering for Clay Deposits
Prefabricated Vertical Drain (PVD)
Compaction of Sand Deposits
Vibro-floatation
Sand Compaction Pile (SCP)
Drainage Method for Sandy
Soils
Other Improvement Methods for Cohesive Soils
Vibro-Compaction in Cohesive Soil Deposits
Dynamic Compaction
Soliditation Technique
Permeation Grouting
Jet Grouting
Deep Mixing Method (DMM)
Underground Development
Tunneling in Soft Grounds
Shield Tunneling
Stability of Tunnel Heading
Ground Movement
SOIL
MECHANICS
Definition of Property Indices
Definition of Basic Property Indices
Void Ratio, e
Saturation Ratio,Sr(%)
Water Content
Bulk or Wet Unit Weight y or yt
Dry Unity Weight
Unit Weight and Specific Weight of the Solid Phase ys and Gs
Buoyant Unit Weight or Submerged Unit Weight,y'
Relations among Property Indices
Sieve Analysis and Grain Composition
Grain Composition
Consistency of Fine-Grained Soils
Liquid Limit and Plastic Limit
Plasticity Index
Compaction of Soils
Seepage of Water through Soils
Darcy Law
Measurement of Permeability Coefficient
Seepage Instability
Boiling in Sand Deposits
Piping in Cohesive Soils
Filter
Consolidation of Clay
Compressibility of Clays
Normal Consolidation and Overconsolidation
Theory of Consolidation
Ground Settlement Due to Pumping Water
Strength of Soil
Shear Strength of Granular Soils
Shear Strength of Cohesive Soils
Shear Strength of Soils in General
Environments of Drainage Influencing Shear Strength of Soils
Dilatancy of Granular Materials
Undrained Shear
Drained Shear
Excess Pore Water Pressure
Undrained Shear Strength of Clays
Earth Pressure
Rankine Earth Pressure Theory
Coulomb Earth Pressure Theory
Bearing Capacity of Foundations
Background Consideration
Stability Analyses of Slopes
Stability Analysis for a Simple Case
Stability Analysis for General Slopes
Simple Method (Swedish Method)
Bishop Method
Determination of the Factor of Safety
Conduct of Stability Analysis
Design of Earth Structures
Evaluation of Degree of Safety for Existing Earthfills and Natural Slopes
Back-analysis of Collapsed Slopes
ENGINEERING
GEOLOGY
Characteristics properties of Minerals
Definitions and Classification
Optical Properties
Crystallographic Properties
Other Properties
Identification Strategy
Igneous Rocks
Classification by Texture
Composition
Sedimentary Rocks
Classification
Clastic Sediments
Chemical Sediments
Organic Sediments
Composition of Sedimentary Rocks
Structures in Sedimentary Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
Definitions
Types of Metamorphism
Mineralogical Changes as a Function of Temperature and
Pressure
Metamorphic Texture
Nomenclature
Ores, Industrial Minerals and Fossil fuel
Explanation of Terms
Ores
Fossil Fuels
Industrial Minerals
The Shape of the land surface
Topographic Maps
Aerial Photographs
Erosion by Water
Alluvial Deposits
Aeolian Deposits
Erosion and Deposition by Gravity and Ice
Types of Slope Movement
Erosion by Flowing Ice
Erosion by Glacial Meltwater
Glacial Deposits
Geological Maps
The Orientation of Surfaces
Folds
The Record in the rocks
Faults
Plutons
Unconformities
Relative Age of Rocks
The Geological Time-Scale
The Dynamic Earth
Plate Motion
Volcanoes
Earthquakes
MINING
ENGINEERING AND MINERAL TRANSPORTATION
A Historical Review of Mining Engineering
Features of Mining
Industrial and Technical Features
Geographical Separation between Production and Consumption of
Minerals
Development and Operation of Mine
Mining and Mining Equipments in Underground Mine
Mining Operation in the Working Face of Metal Mine
Mining Operation in the Working Face of Coal Mine
Excavation and Loading in the Driving Face of Roadway
Mineral Transportation in Underground Mine
Mineral Transportation in Level Roadway
Rope Haulage and Shaft Winding
Rock Pressure and Support System in Underground Mine
Rock Pressure
Support System in the Stope and
Working Face
Support in Roadway
Surface Mining
Features of Surface Mining
Open pit mine of massive mineral deposit
Strip Mining of Coal Deposit
Surface Mining of Alluvial Mineral Deposit (Placer Mining)
Mine Safety and Water Drainage in Mine
Water Drainage in Mine
Ventilation and Mine Safety
Environmental Impact and Reclamation in Mining
SURFACE
MINING METHODS AND EQUIPMENT
Surface Mining Methods and Practice
Classification of Surface Mining Methods
Open Pit vs. Underground Mining Methods
Open Pit Mining
Open Cast Mining
Placer Mining
Solution Mining
Surface Mining Machinery
UNDERGROUND
MINING METHODS AND EQUIPMENT
Underground Mining Methods and Practices
Classification of Underground Mining Methods
Underground Operations in General
Room-and-pillar Mining
Sublevel Stoping
Cut-and-fill Stoping
Longwall Mining
Sublevel Caving
Block Caving
Underground Mining Machinery
DRILLING
MACHINES
Construction of Drilling Equipment
Working Fluid
Thrust and Feed Equipment
Rotation System
Drilling Rod
Cuttings Removal (Flushing)
Bit
Supporting Equipment and Carriers
Features and Action Principles of the Percussion Drill
Construction of Percussion Rock Drills
Features of Percussion Rock Drills
Output Parameters
Principles of Elastic Wave Propagation and Penetration
Resistance of the Bit
Classification of Rock Drills
Percussion Rock Drills
Hand-held Rock Drills (Pneumatic)
Drifter
DTH
Rotary Drill
Applications of Drilling Equipment
Underground Mining
Surface Mining
OFFSHORE
DRILLING AND PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT
Outline of Rotary Drilling Method
Offshore Drilling Structures and Equipments
Technical Features of Offshore Drilling
Mobile Bottom-supported Rigs
Jack-up Drilling Rigs (Jack-up Rigs, Self-elevating Drilling
Rigs)
Submersible Drilling Rigs (Submersible Rigs, Swamp Barges)
Tender-Assisted Platforms and Tenders
Floating Offshore Drilling Rigs (Floaters)
Technologies Required by Floaters
Drillships
Semisubmersible Drilling Rig
Location Surveys for Offshore Drilling
Offshore Oil/Gas Production Systems
Brief History of Offshore Production Systems
Various Types of Offshore Platforms
Bottom-supported Platforms
Floating Platforms
Subsea Production Systems
Subsea Christmas Trees
Subsea Manifolds
Subsea Boosting and Processing
Subsea Control System
Prospect of Offshore Production System
MINERAL
COMMINUTION AND SEPARATION SYSTEMS
Significance of Mineral Beneficiation
Overview of Mineral Processing Systems
Components of Mineral Beneficiation Technology
Comminution System
Gravity Separation
Flotation
Magnetic Separation
Electrostatic Separation
Solid-Liquid Separation and Waste Treatment
Other Methods of Mineral Extraction
Disposal of Solid Wastes and Waste Water Treatment
SURFACE
MINING TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
Surface Mining
Surface Mining Operation
Surface Mining Methods
Equipment Used for Surface Mining
Surface Mining Equipment
Transportation System Used in Surface Mining
Hauling Truck
Dragline and Stripping Shovel
Bucket Wheel Excavator
Belt Conveyor
Motor Scraper
Transportation Management System for Surface Mining
UNDERGROUND
MINING TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
From Surface to Underground/Vice Versa
Shafts
Cage
Skips
Inclined Shafts or Inclined Drifts
Underground Transport for Materials and Equipment
Track System/Rail-mounted Systems
Trackless Systems
Combined Systems
Longwall Equipment Transport
Ore/Coal Transport
Metalliferous Mines
Coal Mines
Heading Face Area
Longwall Face Area
Belt Conveyors
Surge Control for Belt Conveyor Haulage
Rail Systems
Shaft Winding
Personnel Transport
Access to Underground
Personnel Transport in Working Sites
Trackless Personnel Transport Systems
Track-mounted Personnel Transport Systems
Belt Conveyor Systems
Other Systems
MINING
AND EXPLORATION FOR MINERAL RESOURCES
Geologic Prospecting
Ore Deposits Formed During Magmatic Process
Separation and Concentration due to Crystallization in Basic
Magma at Specific Places and at Specific Stages
Separation and Concentration due to Immiscibility in the Melt
Hydrothermal Deposits
Porphyry-type Deposits
Kuroko-type Massive Sulfide Deposits
Skarn-type Deposits
Vein-type Deposits
Sedimentary Deposits
Geophysical Prospecting
Gravity Survey
Magnetic Survey
Electric Survey
Self-potential Method
Resistivity Method
Induced Polarization Method
Electromagnetic Method
Seismic Survey
Reflection Method
Refraction Method
Radiometric Survey
Geochemical Prospecting
Basic Principles
A Few Practical Geochemical Explorations
Fluid Inclusion and Isotope Studies
MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
Mechanical Engineering Stages
Origins of Mechanical Engineering
Mechanical Engineering in more Recent Times
Scientific and Technological Progress and Mechanical
Engineering
Mechanical Engineering in the Twenty-First Century: State of
the Art and Prospects for its Development
STRENGTH
OF MATERIALS AND DAMAGE ASSESSMENT
Damage and mechanical behavior of materials
General ideas and definitions
Structures and bond types of solids
A physical view of defects
Dislocation mechanisms of origin and growth of cracks
Fractography of surfaces of extending cracks
Fundamental definitions of defect
Methods for evaluating a level of damage
NONLINEAR
MODELS AND PLASTICITY
Plasticity
Theory of slipping
The deformation theory
The yielding theory. A regular plasticity
Singular plasticity
Analytical plasticity
Principle of macro-determinism
Behavior of elastic-plastic materials with defects.
PRESSURE
VESSELS AND SHELL STRUCTURES
Areas of Application of Pressure Vessels and Shell Structures
Design of Pressure Vessels
Structural Elements of Pressure Vessels
Shell Structures of Composite Materials
Strength and Analysis of Pressure Vessels and Shell
Structures
Strength of Pressure Vessels
Robust Hull Strength of Submarine Vessels
Fuselage Strength of Aircraft
RELIABILITY,
DIAGNOSTICS AND FAULT CORRECTION
The Subject of Reliability Theory
Standardization in Reliability
Reliability and its Components
States, Failures and their Classification
Reliability Measures
Repairable Items
Diagnostics and Condition Monitoring in Mechanical
Engineering
Non-Destructive Testing
Fault Correction
Trends and Perspectives
SYSTEM
RELIABILITY ANALYSIS
Reliability Measures for Elements
Statistical Estimation of Reliability Measures
Series Configuration Systems
Parallel Configuration Systems
Complex Systems and Redundancy
Fault Tree Analysis
Event Tree Analysis
Two-Side Estimates for Reliability Measures
MATHEMATICAL
MODELS OF PHYSICAL RELIABILITY THEORY
Failures in Mechanical Systems
General Concepts of Physical Reliability Theory
Load-Strength Model
Multidimensional Time-independent Models
Cumulative Time-dependent Models
Poisson Models
Failure as the First Excursion of a Random Process
RELIABILITY
AGAINST FRACTURE AND FATIGUE
Fracture and Fatigue in Mechanical Engineering
Linear Fracture Mechanics
Nonlinear Fracture Mechanics
Traditional Approach to Fatigue Analysis
Theory of Fatigue Crack Growth
Failure as the Loss of Integrity
FAULT
DETECTION AND DIAGNOSTICS OF FAILURES
Basic Concepts
Relationship between Diagnostics and Reliability
Diagnostics aspects at the Design Stage
Diagnostics at the Manufacturing Stage
Diagnostics at the Operational Stage
Diagnostics at the Repair and Storage Stages
NON-DESTRUCTIVE
TESTING
Classification of NDT Methods
Magnetic NDT Methods
Electric NDT Methods
Eddy Current NDT Methods
Microwave NDT Methods
Infrared NDT Methods
Optical NDT Methods
Radiographic NDT Methods
Ultrasonic NDT Methods
Penetrant NDT Methods
Other NDT Methods
FAULT
CORRECTION IN MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
General Information about Faults
Defects in Welds, their Causes and Removal
Methods to Minimize Welding Deformations, Stresses and
Shifting
Defects in Metallic Casts and Method to eliminate them
Faults in Bearing Joints and Ways to eliminate them
Faults in Motor Vehicle Units and Assemblies and Methods of
Removing them
NONLINEAR
DEFORMATION AND FRACTURE MECHANICS FOR ENGINEERING APPROACHES IN DESIGN OF
STRUCTURES
General Load Conditions for Engineering Structures
Deformation Fracture Criteria under Static and Low Cyclic
High Temperatures Loading
Stress-Strain Fracture Criteria under High Cyclic Loading
Stress-Strain Fracture Criteria under Two-Frequency Cyclic
Loading
Life Time Prediction in Cycle Loading Condition
Elasto-Plastic Strain at the Crack
Initiation in the Notch Affected Area
The Crack Propagation at Low Cycle Loading
The Generalized Effects of Stress and Strain Concentration
for Substantiation of Constructions Safety
Engineering Approaches to Design of Structures
INDUSTRIAL
AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING
Background
System-Wide
Approach
Real-World
Relevance
It
Is About People
Educate
Beyond Manufacturing
Fundamentals
of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Definitions
and Key Concepts
Management
of Operations
System
Models for Management of Manufacturing Operations
Objectives
of the Management of Manufacturing Operations
Examples
of System Models in Manufacturing Operations
Human
Factors and Ergonomics in Industrial Engineering
Technology-Oriented
Systems
Human
and Organization-Oriented Systems
Production
and Distribution Systems
Manufacturing
Environmental
Context
Legal
and Institutional Terrain
Culture
and Civil Society
Economy
and Technology
Management
in Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Quality:
a Management Philosophy
New
Engineering Processes for the Twenty-First Century
ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
Pre-1800: Charged Times
Electricity as a Science: Electromagnetism and Circuit Theory
Engineering Electricity: Important Direct Current Devices
DC Generators
The Telegraph System
Arc Lamps
DC Motors
Selling Electricity: Asphyxiating Gas
Centralized Power: Battle
of the Currents
A Material World: Conducting Materials
Sending the Right Signals: Communications, Control, and
Measurements
Signal Processing
Industrial Control
Measurement and Instrumentation
Modern Trends in Power: the Next Generation
Traditional Electricity Utility Structures
Grounds for a Competitive Electricity Market
Deregulation and Privatization
The Development of Electricity Markets
Basics of Electricity Market Structure
New Technologies
ELECTRIC
AND MAGNETIC CIRCUITS AND FIELDS
Electric and Magnetic Circuits and Fields
Electric Circuits
Magnetic Circuits
Electric Field
Magnetic Field
Integration of Circuit and Field Theories
Current Distribution and Losses
Introduction to Amplifiers
Operational Amplifiers
Differential Amplifier
Negative Feedback -Non-inverting Amplifiers
Frequency Response of Operational Amplifier Circuit
Active Filters using Operational Amplifiers
Active Filters for Power Quality Improvement
Active Filter Classification
Classification by Purposes
Classification by System Configuration
Shunt Active Filters and Series Active Filters
Hybrid Active/Passive Filters
Classification by Control Strategy
Time-domain and Frequency-domain Approach
Harmonic Detection Approach
Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields
Time-varying Electric and Magnetic Fields with Frequencies
less than 100 kHz
Radio-frequency Radiation at Frequencies between 100 kHz and
300 GHz
Guidelines
Reports and Views from Scientific Organizations
ELECTRIC
AND MAGNETIC FIELDS
Electrostatic Fields
Electric charge
Electric field
Gauss’ law
Electrostatic potential
Capacitance
Conductors in electrostatic fields:
Insulating materials in electric field:
Capacitance:
Calculation of capacitance
Energy stored in a capacitor:
Electric currents
Magnetic Fields
Lorentz force
Force on a wire
Hall effects
Biot-Savart law
Electromagnetic induction
Maxwell’s equations
ELECTROMAGNETIC
DEVICES AND MAGNETIC CIRCUITS
Magnetic materials
Ferromagnetic materials
Iron-core losses
Magnetic circuit
Energy and co-energy calculation
Electromechanical energy conversion
Forces in magnetic structures
Moving iron transducers
Electromagnetic devices
Magnetic levitation and propulsion
Relay
Solenoids
Magnetic resonance imaging
Loudspeakers
Microphones
DIRECT
CURRENT AND ALTERNATING CURRENT CIRCUITS
Theory of electric circuits
Circuit elements
Resistance
Inductance
Capacitance
Reactance
Impedance
Electric power
Three-phase systems
Power in three-phase systems
Star-connection
Delta-connection
The electric power system
Constraints on transmission networks
Voltage constraints
Current constraints
Operating constraints
Methods to improve transmission capability
Voltage constraints
Current constraints
System operating conditions
Stability control
High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Transmission
HVDC System
Types of HVDC systems
Back-to-back system
Two-terminal system
Multi-terminal system
Comparison of Power transmission capacity of HVDC and AC
Major advantages of DC transmission
Major disadvantages of DC transmission
Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS)
FACTS devices
Static VAr Compensator (SVC) and
Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM)
Thyristor-Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC)
and Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC)
Phase Shifting Transformer (PST)
Interphase Power Controller (IPC)
Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC)
Location of FACTS
Benefits of FACTS
FACTS Applications
SVC
STATCOM
TCSC
UPFC
Power quality
Harmonics
Harmonic Resonance
Magnitudes of harmonic components
Methods of harmonic reduction
Future of power quality
NETWORK
ANALYSIS
Passive Components
Resistors
Capacitors
Inductors
Voltage and Current Sources
Ohm’s Law, Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law
and Kirchhoff’s Current Law
Ohm’s Law
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law
Kirchhoff’s Current Law
Node and Mesh Analysis
Node Analysis
Mesh Analysis
Network Theorems
Linearity
Superposition Theorem
Thevenin’s Theorem
Norton’s Theorem
Tellegen’s Theorem
Reciprocity Theorem
Substitution Theorem
Compensation Theorem
Maximum Power Transfer Theorem
Two Port Network Analyses
Open-circuit Impedance Parameters
Short-circuit Admittance Parameters
Foster Realizations for LC Circuits
Properties of LC Immittances
Foster 1 Realization
Foster 2 Realization
Advanced Circuit Analysis Techniques
Fourier Analysis
Wavelet Analysis
ELECTRIC
CIRCUIT SYNTHESIS - THEORY AND PRACTICE
Rapid Increase in Electronically Powered Applications
Switched Power Converters
Primitive DC-DC Converter
Unified Model
Resonant Converters
Elementary Resonant Switch
Systematic Synthesis of Quasi-Resonant Converters
Development of Energy
State Equation
Identification of Different Circuit States
Insertion of Switches
Regulation Process
ACTIVE
NETWORKS
Types of Electric Networks
Definitions for Active and Passive Components
Alternative Definitions
Modeling a Capacitor
Modeling an Inductor
Alternative Definition of Active Circuits
Active Circuits in Power Electronics
Active Filters
Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) as Active Filter
Power in Three Phase Systems
Alternative Expressions
Active Filter Compensation Strategy Based on p-q theory
Simulation
Implementation of the Active Filter
Simulations Results
SIGNALS
AND SYSTEMS
The Elements of Signals and Systems
The Mathematical Approach to Signals and Systems
Signal Representation
Continuous-Time and Discrete-Time Signals
Continuous-Amplitude and Discrete-Amplitude Signals
Time Domain and Frequency Domain Representation of Signals
Representation of Signals in the Complex Frequency Domain
Bandpass and Baseband
Signals
Multi-Dimensional Signals
Random and Non-Random Signals
Wavelets
Systems Theory
Linear Time invariant Systems
Impulse Response, Convolution and Transfer Functions
Linear Constant Coefficient Differential and Difference
Equations
State-Space Representation
Stability
Applications
Control Systems
Signal Processing
SIGNAL
THEORY
Properties of Signals
Periodic / Aperiodic
Symmetric / Asymmetric
Discrete/Continuous Time
Discrete/Continuous Valued
Signal Energy and Power
Signal to Noise Ratio
Elementary Signals
Unit Impulse
Unit Step
Complex Exponentials
Linear Time Invariant Systems
Classification of Systems
Memory / Memoryless
Invertibility
Causality
Stability
Time Invariance
Linearity
The convolution sum
The convolution integral
Properties of Linear Time Invariant Systems
Associative property
Commutative property
Distributive property
Causality
Fourier Analysis
The Fourier series
The Fourier Transform
Linear Systems and the Fourier Transform
Discrete-Time Signals
Nyquist Sampling Theorem
Aliasing
Discrete-Time Fourier Transform
Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)
Quantization
Random Processes
The Ensemble
Ergodicity
Specification of a Random Process
Stationarity
Power Spectral Density
Convolution and Random Processes
ANALOG
SIGNAL PROCESSING
Analog Signals and Systems
Analog Signals
Analog Systems
Linear Time Invariant Systems
Time Domain Analysis
Impulse Response
Differential Equation Representation
Transform Domain Analysis
Laplace Transform
Fourier Transform
Frequency Response
Theory of Filters
Frequency-Selective Filters
Gain and Loss Functions
Ideal and Practical Filters
Approximations
Butterworth Approximation
Chebyshev Approximation
Elliptic Approximation
Bessel-Thompson Approximation
Frequency Transformations
Lowpass Transformation
Highpass Transformation
Bandpass Transformation
Bandstop Transformation
Analog Signal Processing Circuits and Hardware Implementation
Basic Circuit Components
Basic Analog Signal Processing Circuits
Amplifiers
Adders
Multipliers
Integrators
Differentiators
Current-to-Voltage and Voltage-to-Current Converters
Modulators and Demodulators
Passive RLC Filter Realization
Prototype Lowpass Realization
General Filter Realization
Active RC Filter Realization
First Order Analog Circuits
Biquads
IC Active Filters
MOSFET-C Filters
Gm-C Filters
Switched-Capacitor Filters
Characteristics of IC Active Filters
DIGITAL
SIGNAL PROCESSING APPLICATIONS IN MEDICINE
Digital Signal Processing of Continuous-Time Signals
Sampling of Continuous-Time Signals
Digital Signal Processing Systems
Linear Time-Invariant Systems
Difference Equation
Transfer Functions and Structures
FIR Filters
IIR Filters
Digital Filter Realizations
FIR Filter Structures
IIR Filter Realizations
Discrete Fourier Transform
Some Properties of the DFT
Linear Filtering via DFT
Random Signal Representation
Random Signals
Autoregressive Moving Average Process
Power Spectral Density
Implementation of Digital Signal Processing Systems
IMAGE
PROCESSING
Some Comments on Vision
What Is An Image?
The Relationship between Digital And Analogue Images
The Concept of An Image Processing System
The Process of Image Formation
The Image as a Representation
The Image Processing Hierarchy
The Pre-Processing Level
Low Level Image Processing
Medium Level Image Processing
Image Interpretation
Interpolation in Image Processing
The Edge Detection Problem
Applications of Image Processing
Some Image Processing Packages
MODULATION
AND DETECTION
Principles of Modulation
Continuous wave modulation
Linear modulation
Frequency and Phase Modulation
Pulse modulation
Pulse amplitude modulation
Pulse position modulation
Pulse code modulation
Digital modulation
Geometric representations of digital modulation signals
Phase shift keying
Frequency shift keying
Amplitude shift keying
Amplitude phase keying
Continuous phase modulation
Detection and Receiver Structures
Coherent detection
Non-coherent detection
Future Development, Economic and Environmental Implications
MATERIALS
AND COMPONENTS IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Conductive
Materials, Wires and Cables
Dielectric
Materials and Devices
Semiconductor
Materials and Devices
Magnetic
Materials and Devices
Superconducting
Materials and Devices
Fiber
Optic devices and Systems
The
Future
CONDUCTIVE
MATERIALS, WIRES AND CABLES
Basic concepts of electrical conduction
Electronic band model
Conductive materials
Conduction in pure metals
Common elemental conductors
Conductivity of dilute and concentrated metal alloys
Conductive alloys
Special electric and electronic applications for metals and
alloys
Metals and alloys for electrical contacts
Metals and alloys for thin film applications
Metals and alloys for fuses
Metals and alloys for thermocouples
Transparent conductors
Synthetic and composite conductors
Intrinsically conducting polymers
Conductive composite materials
Conductor loaded polymers
Transient-liquid-phase-sintering polymer composites
Conductor loaded ceramics
Molecular scale materials
Electrical wires
Wire sizes
Current carrying capacity
Skin effect
Types of electrical wire
Cables components
Protective covering
Conductor material
Insulation material
Fillers
Jacketing materials
Metallic barriers and shields
Cable performance in fire
Environmental issues
In lieu of a summary: sustainable use of metal resources
DIELECTRIC
MATERIALS AND DEVICES
Dielectric Materials
Dielectric Gases
Air
SF6
Vacuum
Liquids
Solids
Polymers
Ceramics
Fiber Reinforced Composites
Dielectric Devices
Circuit Breakers
Vacuum Tubes
Copiers and Laser Printers
Electret Transducers
Piezo and Pyroelectric
Materials and Transducers
Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals and Devices Based Thereon
Capacitors
MAGNETIC
MATERIALS AND MAGNETIC TECHNIQUES
Basics of Magnetism
Magnetic Behaviour of Materials
Paramagnetism
Diamagnetism
Ferromagnetism
Antiferromagnetism
Ferrimagnetism
Anisotropy
Magnetostriction
Types of Magnetic Materials
Crystalline Materials
Ferrites
Metallic Glasses
Permanent Magnets
Applications of Magnetism
Electrical Machines and Transformers
Magnetic Techniques and the Environment
Using the Magnetic Field of the Earth
Promising Developments
SUPERCONDUCTING
MATERIALS AND DEVICES
Superconductivity
Properties
Zero
Resistance and Exclusion of Magnetic Flux
Background
The
Basic Quantities of Tc, Hc and Ic
Type
I and Type II Superconductors.
Microscopic
Theory of Superconductivity
LTS
Materials
HTS
Materials
Devices
Josephson Junctions
A
Model of a Josephson Junction
Practical
Josephson Junctions
LTS
Josephson Junctions
HTS
Josephson Junctions
SQUIDs
Low
Tc SQUIDs
HTS
SQUIDs
Applications
of SQUIDs
Amplifiers
Microwave
devices
Filters
Delay
Lines
FIBRE
OPTIC DEVICES AND SYSTEMS
Basic
Construction of Optical Fibres
Multimode
and Single mode Fibres
Types of
Non-communication Fibre
Pure Silica Fibre
UV-Silica Fibre
Near Infrared (NIR)
Silica Fibre
Metal-Coated Silica (MCS)
Fibre
Plastic Clad Silica (PCS)
Fibre
Polycrystalline Fibre
Polymer Optical Fibre
Image Transmission and Endoscopy
Fibre Optic Sensors for Medical
Applications
Medical Intensity Sensors
Microbending Sensor
Fibre Optic Confocal
Scanning Microscope
Fibre Bundle for DNA Identification
Fibre Surgery
Laser Thrombolysis
Laser Soldering
INSTRUMENTATION
AND MEASUREMENTS
Characteristics and Response
Static Response
Dynamic Response
Errors and Error Control
Systematic Errors
Random and Gross Errors
Error Reduction Techniques
Standards
Analog and Digital Instruments
Analog Instruments
Digital Instruments
Virtual Instruments (VIs)
Control of Instruments
Design, Testing, and Calibration
Testing and Use of Instruments
Calibration
Applications of Instruments
GALVANOMETERS,
ELECTROMECHANICAL VOLTMETERS, AND AMMETERS
Measurement Fundamentals
Information Retrieval
Measurement Uncertainty
Standards
Voltage Standards
Resistance Standards
Electromechanical Voltmeters and Ammeters
The Moving-Coil Electromagnetic Ammeter and Voltmeter
The D’Arsonval Galvanometer
The Permanent Magnet Moving-coil Ammeter and Voltmeter
The Moving-Iron Ammeter and Voltmeter
The Electrodynamic Ammeter and
Voltmeter
The Electrostatic Voltmeter
Analog Multimeters
Thermal-Type Instruments
Potentiometers
The Slide-Wire DC Potentiometer
The AC Potentiometer
The Drysdale-Tinsley AC
Potentiometer
The Gall-Tinsley AC Potentiometer
ELECTRONIC
VOLTMETERS AND AMMETERS
Analog Meters
DC Analog Voltmeters and Ammeters
AC Analog Voltmeters and Ammeters
True rms Analog Voltmeters
Digital Meters
Dual-Slope DVMs
Successive-Approximation ADCs
AC Digital Voltmeters and Ammeters
Frequency Response of AC Meters
Radio-Frequency Microvoltmeters
Vacuum-Tube Voltmeters and Oscilloscopes
Analog Oscilloscopes
Digital Storage Oscilloscopes (DSOs)
Portable Oscilloscopes
High-Voltage Oscilloscopes
HIGH-VOLTAGE
MEASUREMENTS
Requirements for High-Voltage Measurements
Voltage and Current Transducers
Current Transducers
Current Transformers (CTs)
Optical Current Transducers (OCTs)
Voltage Transducers
The Electromagnetic Voltage Transformer
The Capacitive Voltage Transformer (CVT)
The Cascade Voltage Transformer
Measurement Techniques and Algorithms
Digital Technology for High-Voltage Measurements
Signal Conditioning and Data Transmission
Digital Signal Processing
Measurements of Primary Electrical Quantities
Electrical Voltage, Current, and Power
Electric Energy
Fundamental Frequency
Power-Quality Measurements
Integrated High-Voltage Measurement Systems
State Estimation
Disturbance Recorders
Synchronized Phasor Measurements
MAGNETIC
MEASUREMENTS
Magnetic-Field Fundamentals
Vector Instruments
Induction Coils
Fluxgate
Hall Effect
Magnetoresistance
SQUID
Fiber Optic
Scalar Instruments
Nuclear
Optically Pumped
Characterizing Magnetometer Performance
Solenoid
Helmholtz Coil
Magnetic Shields
Measurement Accuracy
POWER
AND ENERGY MEASUREMENTS
Electric Power Measurements
DC Electric Circuits
Single-Phase AC Electric Circuits
Power Measurement in Three-Phase Systems
Triple Single-Phase Circuits and Three-Phase Circuits
The General Three-Phase System
Phase Voltage and Power and Total Power of a Three-Phase
System
Aron Theorem
Three-Wire Three-Phase Systems: Dependence and Independence of
Measurements
General Theorems on the Power Measurements in Three-Phase
Systems
Consequences of the Power Theorems
Power and Energy-Measuring Instruments
General Remarks
Induction Wattmeters
Principles of the Induction System
Single-Phase Wattmeter Indicators
Induction Instruments: Integrating Wattmeters
Mechanical Counter for Energy Meter
Electrodynamical Wattmeters
Static Wattmeters and Energy Meters
DIGITAL
INSTRUMENTS
AD and DA Signal Conversions
DA (Digital-to-Analog) Converters
AD (Analog-to-Digital) Converters
Theory of Signal Acquisition
Sampling
Quantization
Coding
Data-Acquisition Systems
Single-Channel Systems
Signal Conditioning
Sample-and-Hold Circuits
Multichannel Systems
Analog Multiplexing
Digital Multiplexing
Instrument Communication
The RS-232
GPIB (IEEE-488)
The Fieldbuses
Examples of Digital Instruments
The Oscilloscope
Digital versus Analog Oscilloscope
Structure and Operation of a Digital Oscilloscope
Power Recorders
Virtual Instruments
Data-Acquisition Boards
Software Development Systems for Virtual Instrumentation
VXIbus
SENSORS
AND TRANSDUCERS
Motion Sensors
Resistive Potentiometers
Linear Variable Differential Transformers (LVDT)
Capacitive Sensors
Strain Gages
Acoustic and Optic Sensors
Encoders
Velocity Sensors
Moving-Coil Pickup
DC and AC Tachometers
Force Transducers
Piezoelectric Transducers
Strain-Gage Load Cells
Temperature Sensors
Resistance Thermometers
Thermoelectric Devices
Radiation Devices
Magnetic-Field Sensor
MOS Magnetic-Field Sensors
Chemical Sensors
Chemosensors
Luminescent Sensors
Radioactive Sensors
Gas Sensors
New Research Trends
Smart and Soft Sensors
Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS)
INSTRUMENTATION
SYSTEMS
Instruments and Instrumentation Systems
Instruments
Instrumentation of Large Systems
Automation
Digital Systems, Microprocessors, and Computers
Embedded Controllers
Dedicated Computers
Networks and Communications in Instrumentation Systems
The RS-232
The GPIB
The VXIbus
Telemetry
Fieldbuses
Advanced Systems
Fuzzy Logic in Instrumentation Systems
The Artificial Neural Network
Applications of Instrumentation Systems
TELEMETRY
Basic Telemetry Concepts
Modulation Approaches
Base-Band Telemetry
Amplitude-Based Telemetry
Frequency-Based Telemetry
Multiple-Channel Telemetry
Frequency-Division Multiplexing
Time-Division Multiplexing
Telemetry Applications
Telemetry in Life Sciences
Animal Bio-Telemetry
Medical Telemetry
Space Telemetry
SCADA Systems
Other Applications
ELECTRO-TECHNOLOGIES
Electro-technologies for Generation and Transmission of
Electricity
Synchronous Generators
Cylindrical-Rotor Generators
Salient-Pole Generators.
Electric Power Generation: Conventional Methods
Thermal Generating Stations
Hydroelectric Generating Stations
Nuclear Generating Stations
Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) and Cogeneration
Electric Power Generation: Non Conventional Method
Wind Power
Photo-Voltaic (PV) Generating Units
Fuel Cell Generating Units
Energy Storage Systems
Battery Energy Storage systems (BESS)
Utilising spare batteries of the Electric
Vehicles
Flywheel Storage
Compressed Air Energy Storage
Super-conducting Magnetic Energy Storage
Pumped Energy Storage
Super-capacitors
Electricity Power Transmission and Distribution
AC Power Transmission
Transformers
HVDC Transmission
Distributed generations
Energy Storage within transmission and distribution Network
Curtailing Peak Demands
Improving Security
Improving Reliability
Impact on Generation
Electricity Forecasting
Additional Facets
Electro-technologies for end-uses of electricity
Conventional Electric Machines
DC Machines
Basic Description of DC Machines
Permanent Magnet Brushless
DC machines
Induction Motors
Finite Element Analysis of Machines
Energy Efficiency Improvements in Electric Motors and Drives
Variable Speed Drives
Variable speed drives with DC motors
Variable speed drives with induction motors
Switched Reluctance Motor Drives
Intelligent Control of Motors
Demand-Side Technologies
Energy Efficiency Improvements of Residential Appliances
Plasma Technologies
Electric Vehicles
Electric Vehicle Basics
Speed and distance of an EV
Energy Usage
Batteries and Chargers
Regenerative Braking
Hybrid electric vehicles
Fuel Cell Vehicles
DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES
Magnetism and Electromagnetic principles
Permanent Magnets
Magnetic Field around conductors
Magnetic field around a coil
Electromagnets
Magnetic strength of electromagnets
Electromagnetic Induction
Current Carrying Wires and Coils
Force on a wire in a magnetic field
Force and Torque on a coil in a magnetic field
Basic Motor Principles
The Commutator & Motor Action
Simplified Version of the dc Motor
Sizes of machines (related to Torque)
Construction of Motors
The Stator of a dc Machine
Rotor
The Commutator
Electro-Magnetic Force (EMF) in dc Machines
Machine equations and circuits
Basic Equivalent circuit of a dc motor.
dc Motor Operation & Torque generation
dc Machine torque equations
dc Machine equations and speed regulation
Machine Power and Losses
Types of dc Machine
Permanent Magnet
Shunt Wound
Separately Excited
Series Connected
Compound connected motor
Stepper Motors
General
Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors
Reluctance Stepper Motors
Torque - Step Rate
TRANSFORMERS
Basic Operating Principles of a Transformer
Harmonics
Switching Transients
Surges
Thermal Assessment
Partial Discharge Test
Routine Tests for a Transformer
Induction Motors
Starting at Reduced Voltage
Circuit Arrangement for a High-Voltage Induction Motor with
No-Break Transition
Surges caused by the Vacuum Circuit Breaker
SYNCHRONOUS
MACHINES
Types of Synchronous Machine
Rotating-Armature Type
Rotating-Field Type
Cylindrical-Rotor Synchronous Generators
Synchronous Generator Supplying an Isolated Load
Principle
Voltage Regulation
Synchronous Generator Connected to the Grid
Synchronizing Procedure
Operating Conditions of Synchronous Generator
Power/Load Angle Relationship
Synchronizing Power and Torque
Hunting
Synchronous Motors
Operating Principle
Effect of Field Excitation: V-curves
Effect of Mechanical Load
Starting Synchronous Motors
Applications of Synchronous Motors
Excitation System
INDUCTION
MOTOR AND SELF-EXCITED INDUCTION GENERATOR
Basic Construction
Stator
Rotor
Wound-Rotor Type
Cage-Rotor Type
Comparison between Cage-Rotor and Wound-Rotor Induction
Motors
Air Gap
Auxiliaries
Principle of Action
Power Relationship and Torque-Slip Characteristics
Motor Starting
Speed Control
Motoring, Generating, and Plug-Braking Modes of Operation
Motoring Mode
Generating Mode
Plug-Braking Mode
High-Torque Induction Motors
Single-Phase Induction Motors
Principle of Operation
Types of Single-Phase Induction Motors
Split-Phase Motors
Capacitor Motors
Shaded-Pole Motors
Self-Excited Induction Generators
FINITE-ELEMENT
ANALYSIS OF MACHINES
2-D Magnetostatic Model
2-D Complex Eddy-Current Model
Rotating Model
Pseudo-Stationary Approximation
Stator Co-Ordinate System
Time-Stepping Method
Air-Gap Macro-Element Method
Coupled Model
Current Iteration Method
FEM Coupled with Circuit Equations
Representation of Skewed Slots
Sinusoidal Pulse-Width Modulation
3-D Model
SWITCHED
RELUCTANCE MACHINES AND PERMANENT MAGNET DC BRUSHLESS MACHINES
Rotationary Switched Reluctance Motor
Basic Information
Principle of Operation
Power Electronic Circuit of SRM
Unipolar Electronic Drive
Drive with Shared Components
Operation
Rotationary Permanent Magnet Brushless DC
Machines
Basic Information
Principles of Operation
Equation and Model of the Motor
Operating Characteristics
Control of the PMDCBM
The Linear Permanent Magnet Brushless Synchronous Motor
(LPMSM)
The Variable Reluctance Linear Motor
INTELLIGENT
CONTROL OF MOTORS
Control Methods for Motors
High Dynamic Performance
DC Drives
Modulation
DC Drives
Basic Concept of Pulse-Width Modulation for AC Drives
Space-Vector Modulation (SVM)
Motor Drives
Constant V/F Control
Stator Resistance Compensation Techniques
Vector Control Drives
Direct Torque Control
Adaptive Control
Artificial Intelligence Control
Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC)
Neural Network Control (NNC)
Genetic Algorithm (GA)
Sensor and Estimation
Speed and Flux Sensing
Intelligent Sensors
Sensorless Motor Control
Flux Estimation
Model Reference Adaptive Method (MRAM)
Intelligent Motors
Power Circuit
Intelligent Motors
The Challenges of Intelligent Control
ELECTRIC
VEHICLES
Why Electric Vehicles?
Past, Present and Future of EVs
Past Years Development
Present Major Issues
Development Trends
Present Status
Engineering Philosophy of EV Development
EV concept
EV Engineering Philosophy
Key EV Technology
Body design
Energy management
System Optimisation
EV and HEV Configurations
EV Configurations
HEV Configurations
Series Hybrid System
Parallel Hybrid System
Series-Parallel Hybrid System
Complex Hybrid System
Power Flow Control
Multi-Energy Powertrain Control
Advanced HEV System Performance
Electric Propulsion
General Consideration
Vector Controlled Induction Motor Drives
PM Brushless Motor Drives
SR Motor Drives
Energy sources
General Consideration
Batteries
Fuel Cells
Ultracapacitors
EV Infrastructure
General Consideration
Charging Infrastructure
Impacts on Power System
ELECTRIC POWER ASSISTED STEERING SYSTEM FOR
AUTOMOBILES
Essential components of
an EPAS System
Torque sensors for EPAS
Stain Gauge sensors
Optical Torque Sensors
Capacitive Torque Sensors
Surface Acoustic Wave Torque Sensor
Magnetostrictive and Magnetic Torque Sensors
Piezoelectric Torque Sensor
Other sensors
Current sensor
Angular position and
speed sensors
Actuators for Electric
Power Steering
PM Brushed DC Motor
PM AC Synchronous motor
Operating Conditions and
Specifications
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