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NATURAL RESOURCES OF THE WORLD
Renewable resources
Land resources of the world
Natural zonation
Types of resources
Mineral (non-energy) resources
Production and consumption of
mineral resources
Mineral resources extraction and
the environment
Other (renewable energy)
resources
Solar resources
History of the utilization of
solar energy
Technologies to harness solar
energy
The future of solar energy
Geothermal energy
Historical use
Generation of electricity
Uses of geothermal energy
Wind energy
Wind power
Historical background
Current and future utilization
of wind energy
Ocean energy: tidal, wave and
thermal conversion
Tidal energy
Wave energy
Thermal conversion
Hydro energy
Biological resources:
conservation and management
Habitat protection and
sustainability
Protected areas and natural
parks
The economic value of non-timber
forest resources
Biological resources and
sustainability
WORLD NATURAL RESOURCES POLICY
(WITH FOCUS ON MINERAL
RESOURCES)
Sustainable
Development
Energy and
Mineral Resources as Renewable
Resources
Energy and
Mineral Resources as
Non-renewable Resources
Statistical Data
Energy and Mineral Resources
Statistical Data on the Masses
Moved and Areas Used during the
Mining of Non-renewable
Resources
Lifetime of Reserves
Replacement of Mineral Resources
by Functionally Equivalent
Substitutes According to Rule 2
of the Enquete Commission
Increasing the Efficiency of
Mineral Resources Exploitation
and Utilization Increasing the
Efficiency of Deposit
Exploitation
Finding New Solutions to
Technological Problems
Substitution
The
Importance of Learning
Environmental
Aspects in Mining and
Reclamation
Good Miner’s Practice and the
Miner’s Code of Conduct
Reclamation and Restoration of
Mine Sites
The Sink
Problem
THE USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES IN
SOCIETY
The Energy
Supply System
Energy System of Sweden in Terms
of Energy
Energy System of Sweden in Terms
of Exergy
Energy Use in
Swedish Society
Solar Heating
Forestry and Industry Based on
Forests
Agriculture and Food Production
Electricity from Hydropower and
Thermal Power
Iron Ore
Nuclear Fuel
Chemical
Fuels
Exergy Losses at the Conversion
into Heat
Chains of Resource Conversions
Exergy Use in
Japanese Society
Forestry and Industry Based on
Forests
Agriculture and Food Production
Electricity from Hydropower and
Thermal Power
Metals
Nuclear Fuel
Chemical Fuels
Exergy Losses at the Conversions
into Heat
Exergy Use in
Italian Society
Solar Heating
Forestry and Industry Based on
Forests
Agriculture and Food Production
Electricity from Hydropower and
Thermal Power
Metals
Chemical Fuels
Exergy Losses at the Conversion
into Heat
The
Total System
A Historical
and Global perspective
Exergy Use in Swedish Society
During the 1920s
Technical Uses of Natural
Resources
Agriculture
Forestry
Solid Fuels
Liquid Fuels
Electric Power
Resource Conversion in Ghana
during 1975
WORLD NATURAL RESOURCE POLICY
AND MANAGEMENT
The Structure
and Function of Ecosystems and
Natural Resources
Status of the
World’s Natural Resources
Land Resources
Water Resources
Energy Resources
Biological Resources
Resources and Human Diseases
An Optimum
Population Based on the
Availability of the Earth’s
Natural Resources
COMBATING DESERTIFICATION AND
DROUGHT
What is
Desertification and Drought?
Definition of Desertification
Causes of Desertification
Consequences of Desertification
Drought and Its Effects
Regional
Outlook
Africa
Asia
Latin America and the Caribbean
Other Regions
Efforts to
Combat Desertification and
Drought
Past International Achievements
A
New Strategy: Convention to
Combat Desertification
Some Innovative Aspects
Action Programs
Some New Achievements
Successful Stories at Local
Level
Mitigating the Effects of
Drought
Towards the
Twenty-first Century
CLIMATE IMPACTS OF LAND
DEGRADATION IN THE WORLD’S
DRYLANDS
Local and
Regional Climate Changes Caused
by Desertification
Simulation Studies
Empirical Studies
Hemispheric
and Global Climate Changes
Caused by Desertification
SOILS AND SOIL SCIENCES
Soils and Soil Science
Soil Formation and Soil Forming Processes
Weathering and Regolith
Formation
Soil Profile Formation and
Horizon Development
The Soil Profile
Soil Composition and Soil Properties
Soil Composition
Organic Soils
Mineral Soils
Soil Texture
Soil Structure
Soil Consistence
Soil Color
Bulk Density and Soil Porosity
Water Retention and Infiltration
Soil Air and Aeration
Organic Matter
Soil pH
Cation Exchange Complex
Soil Survey and Classification
Types of Soil Surveys
Soil Survey Procedures
Purpose and Use of Soil Maps
Soil Classification
A BRIEF HISTORY OF SOIL SCIENCE
Soil
Science/Agriculture in Ancient
Times and Early History (up to 4th
Century AD)
Mesopotamia
Greeks and Romans
Other Mediterranean
Civilizations
Northern Europe
Asia
Americas
Ancient Times and Early History
Summary
Soil Science
in The Middle Ages (5th
to 14th Centuries AD)
Byzantium and Europe
Arabia and the Middle East
Southeast Asia
Soil Science
in the Renaissance Period (15th
to 17th Centuries)
Studies in Soils and Plant
Nutrition
Soils and Government
Soils Recognized by Geologists
Drainage of Wet Soils
Soil Science
in The Age of Enlightenment (18th
Century)
The
"Humus Theory"
Soil as an Evolutionary Body
Beginnings of Soil Mapping
Soil Science
Becomes a True Science (19th
century)
Lewis and Clark
The
"Mineral Theory"
Agrogeology
Soil Mapping
Darwin and Soil Biology
The
Profile Concept
Dokuchaiev and the Birth of
Genetic Soil Science
Modern Soil
Science (20th
Century)
Genetic Soil Science Spreads
National Detailed Mapping
Programs
Soil Erosion
The
Internationalization of Soil
Science
Soil Science Moves Beyond
Agriculture
PEDOGENESIS AND SOIL FORMING
FACTORS
Pedogenesis
and Soil Forming Factors
Organic Surface Horizon
Hydromorphism
Textural Differentiation
Calcic, Gypsiferous and Saline
Properties
Vertic Properties
Podzolization
Andic Properties
Ferralitization
Chronosequences
Soil
Properties affecting Land Use
Potential
Properties affected by Climate
Wet (Sub)Tropical Climates
(Semi) Arid Climates
Steppe Climates
(Sub)Humid Temperate Climates
Permafrost Conditions
Properties affected by Parent
Material
Properties affected by
Topography
Properties affected by Age
Properties affected by Man
Soil
Variability
How do Soil
Properties affect Land Use and
Land Cover ?
Properties that can be Changed
at Short Notice
Properties that can be Partly
Modified
Properties that cannot be
Changed with Current Management
Techniques
How Land Use
affects Soil Properties ?
Land Use Intensification
Long Term Cultivation
Multiple Cropping Systems
Irrigation
Land Use Conversion
Conversion of Forest
Conversion of Grasslands
Conversion of Coastal Wetlands
SOIL PROPERTIES AND PEDOMETRICS
Origins of Pedometrics
Mathematical and Statistical
Techniques used by
Pedometricians
Well-established Workhorses
Geostatistics
Multivariate Analysis
Fuzzy Sets
Emerging Methodologies
Bayesian Maximum Entropy
Some Applications and
Preoccupations
Precision Agriculture
Digital Soil Mapping
Soil Monitoring
Future Areas
Pedometrics in a Data-rich
Environment
Pedometrics and the Management
of Pedodiversity
Pedometrics as a Unifying
Discipline
SOIL GEOGRAPHY AND
CLASSIFICATION
The Zonal
Concept in Soil Classification –
A Historical Overview
Modern Soil
Classifications
Soil Geography and Soil
Taxonomy
Soil Geography and the FAO/UNESCO
Soil Map of the World
Soil Geography and the World
Reference Base for Soil
Resources (WRB)
Soil Geography and Other Systems
of Soil Classification
Role of Soil
Geography and Soil
Classification in Land Use
Planning and Land Cover Studies
SOIL PHYSICS
Soil Texture
Mineral Soil Fractions
Sand
Silt
Clay
Organic Soil Fraction
Particle Size Distribution
Particle Size Analysis
Cumulative Particle Size
Distribution Curve
Textural Triangle
Soil Structure
Soil Structure Classification
Soil Structure Characterization
Aggregate Stability
Soil Physical Properties
Specific Soil Surface
Soil Density
Particle density
Bulk density
Porosity and Void Ratio
Porosity
Void ratio
Water Content
Plasticity Index
Soil Hydraulic Properties
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity
Unsaturated Hydraulic
Conductivity
Agricultural Significance
Importance of Texture
Importance of Structure
Importance of Other Soil
Physical Characteristics
SOIL CHEMISTRY AND SOIL FERTILITY
Soil Forming Factors and
Processes
Soil Chemical Reactions
The Inorganic Solid Phase
The Organic Solid Phase
The Liquid Phase
Infiltration
Hydrolysis
The Gaseous Phase
Soil Air Quality
Biochemical Effect of Aeration
Soil Acidity (pH)
The Exchange Complex
Oxidation and Reduction
Soil Fertility and Nutrient Uptake
Nutrient Fixation and Losses
Macronutrients
Micronutrients
Beneficial Elements
Fertilizer Application
Solid Fertilizers
Fluid Fertilizers (liquid and
suspension)
Amount and Time of Application
Fertilizer Mobility in Soils
Fertilizer Salt Index
Interactions and Environmental
Effects
Inorganic Fertilizers
Organic Pollution Sources
Impact of Soil Chemical Conditions on Land Use and Land Cover
SOIL BIOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY
Soil Biota
Microbiota
Bacteria
Fungi
Cyanobacteria and Algae
Protozoa
Metabolism of Micro-organisms
Mesobiota
Macrobiota
Species
Diversity and Interaction with
Soil Properties
Numbers and Species Diversity
Interaction with Soil Water
Content
Interactions with Food Webs and
Soil Metabolism
Interaction with the Rhizosphere
Biological
Processes in Soils
Microbial Activity and
Accumulation of Biomass
Litter Decomposition and
Turnover
Soil
Functionality and its Change
under Stress
Indicators of
Soil Quality
Soil Biota
and Land Use
SOIL BIOCHEMISTRY
Chemistry of Soil Organic Matter
Pools of Organic Matter in Soils
Formation of Humic Substances
The Lignin Theory
The Polyphenol Theory
Sugar-Amine Condensation
Soil Enzymes
Classification by Location
Classification by Function
Properties of Soil Enzymes
DNA in Soil
Carbon Cycling in Soil
Decay Process
Use of 14C in Soil
Organic Matter Studies
Transformations in Wet Sediments
Biochemistry of Soil Nitrogen
Ammonification
Nitrification
Stabilization of Soil Organic N
Denitrification
Use of 15N in Soil
Nitrogen Studies
Biochemistry of Phosphorus and
Sulfur in Soil
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Biochemical Interactions with
Metals
Complexation of Metals with Soil
Organic Components
Biochemical Compounds as
Chelating Agents
Trace Metal Interactions with
Humic Substances
Biochemistry of Xenobiotics in
Soil
Effect of Pesticides on Soil
Processes
Metabolism of Pesticides in the
Soil
Biochemistry of the Rhizosphere
Properties of the Rhizosphere
Use of 14C in
Rhizosphere Studies
Modification of the Rhizosphere
Future Developments in Soil
Biochemistry
SOIL MINERALOGY
Classification and Distribution
of Minerals
Sulfides
Oxides and Hydroxides
Halides, Sulfates and Carbonates
Phosphates
Silicates
Primary Silicate Minerals
Secondary Silicate Minerals
Surface
Properties of Minerals
Permanent and Variable Charge
Water Sorption Characteristics
Dispersion-Flocculation
Phenomena
Sorption Characteristics
Surface Area Properties
Mineral
Characterization Methods
X-Ray Diffraction
Thermal Analysis
Optical Microscopy
Elemental Analysis
Mineral
Weathering
Primary and Secondary Minerals
Weathering Pathways
Mechanisms of Mineral Weathering
Land Use and
Environmental Implications
SOIL MICROSCOPY AND
MICROMORPHOLOGY
Techniques
Definitions,
Concepts and Features
Mineral Soil
Material
Primary Minerals and Particle
Size Classes
Secondary Minerals and
Weathering Products
Organic Soil
Material
Plant Material, Roots and
Rhizomes
Faunal Features
Microorganisms
Soil
Micromorphological Mineral
Features
Fine material and matrix
Domains
Structure and Pores
Coatings
Impregnations, Concretions,
Nodules and Concentrations
Applications
Agriculture
Archaeology
Engineering
Geomorphology
Palaeo-Climatology
Pedology and Palaeopedology
Soil Microbiology
Soil Zoology
FOREST, RANGE AND WILDLAND SOILS
Ecosystems and Soil Orders
Forest Ecosystems
Boreal Systems
Sub-Alpine Forest Systems
Lowland Conifer Forest Systems
Mixed and Pure Deciduous Forest
Systems
Broad-leaf Evergreen Forest
Systems
Temperate Rainforest Systems
Range Ecosystems
Grassland Systems
Semi-Desert Woodland Systems
Wildland Systems
Sclerophyllous Shrubs
Alpine and Tundra Systems
Natural Disturbances and Soils
Effects of Fire
Effects of Canopy Gaps
Effects of Permafrost and Frozen
Soils
Soil Organic Matter
Carbon
Nitrogen
Nitrogen Fixation and
Mineralization
Plant/Soil/Microbe Interactions
Fire: A Special Case
Management Risk Factors
Forest Harvesting and
Silviculture
Livestock Grazing
URBAN SOILS
Suitability
of Soils for Urban Development
Swelling Clay Soils
Water-saturated Soils
Corrosive Soils
Effects of
Urban Land Use on Soils
Mixture and Burial of Soils
Soil Water Regime Changes
Increase of Toxic Substances
Increase of Non-Toxic
Environmentally Harmful
Substances
Consequences
of Adverse Urban Land Use
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