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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF EARTH AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOLOGICAL,PHYSIOLOGICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES,ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY RESOURCES ENCYCLOPEDIA OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES,ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY RESOURCES ENCYCLOPEDIA OF WATER SCIENCES,ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY RESOURCES ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ENERGY SCIENCES,ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY RESOURCES ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL SCIENCES,ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY RESOURCES ENCYCLOPEDIA OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY RESOURCES ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HUMAN RESOURCES POLICY AND MANAGEMENT ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NATURAL RESOURCES POLICY AND MANAGEMENT ENCYCLOPEDIA OF DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC RESOURCES ENCYCLOPEDIA OF INSTITUTIONAL AND INFRASTRUCTURAL RESOURCES ENCYCLOPEDIA OF TECHNOLOGY,INFORMATION, AND SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT RESOURCES ENCYCLOPEDIA OF REGIONAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT REVIEWS

The above simplified figure illuminates the essential interconnectedness of the sixteen component encyclopedias of EOLSS.

 In the real world, the various knowledge domains do not exist in isolation from each other. They form an integrated whole, with links in all directions. It is well known that all forms of human knowledge are inter-connected and inter-related. EOLSS mimics this complexity, the automatic inter-connectedness of the various subject categories facilitating navigation through the vast landscape of EOLSS knowledge. This provides the user with an effective and efficient tool to search, navigate and browse through each of the component encyclopedias, through any combination of the sixteen, or through the whole of EOLSS.

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF INSTITUTIONAL AND INFRASTRUCTURAL RESOURCES

CONTENT OUTLINE (partial listing)

 

HUMAN SETTLEMENT DEVELOPMENT: THE CENTRAL ROLE OF CITIES IN OUR ENVIRONMENT’S FUTURE—CONSTRAINTS AND POSSIBILITIES

Urbanists and Environmentalists

Cities and Damage

Cities as Solutions

The Power of Markets?

The Strategic Geography of Global Economic Power: Identifying Accountability and Capacities for Change

Scaling

 

URBAN SUSTAINABILITY AND THE REGIONAL CITY SYSTEM IN THE ASIA PACIFIC

Connecting the Discourse on Urban Sustainability to Globalization

Urban Development in the Asia Pacific Region

World City Formation in the Asia Pacific

Human Development in the Asia Pacific

The Impacts of the Asian Financial Crisis

Globalization and the Context for Urban Sustainability in the Asia Pacific

The Functional City System and Urban Sustainability in the Asia Pacific

The Capital Exporters: Post-industrial Cities

The Centers of FDI inflows: Industrial Cities

The Entrepts: Borderless Cities

The Amenity Cities

World City Formation and Localization

Thoughts for the Way Forward

 

URBAN SUSTAINABILITY, BUILT HERITAGE, AND GLOBALIZATION IN THE CUBAN CAPITAL

Cuba in the New Millennium

Sustainable Development in Havana

Urban Ecology

Food Production in Havana

Transportation

Sustainability and Community Participation

Housing in the late 1990s

Community Participation

Built Heritage and Cultural Tourism

Summary and Conclusion

 

A RURAL MIGRANT COMMUNITY IN URBAN BEIJING

Background of the migrant community and fieldwork

Fieldwork Setting: Yingfang

Demographic Characteristics of Yingfang

Major findings from the migrant community

Migrants Occupation Structure

Social Alienation: Limited Interaction between Migrants and Local Urban Residents

Interaction among Migrants: Continuation of Migrants Original Culture and Norms

Migrants Lack of Interests to Accommodate to the Host Society

Access Denied: Education and Employment

 

BANGKOK: ARE INDUSTRIES GENERATING A SUSTAINABLE CITY?

Urbanization and Environmental Degradation

Towards the Sustainable Development of Bangkok?

Government Measures to Incorporate the Environment into Business Calculations

Industries' Initiatives for the Environment

 

SETTLEMENTS AS SOCIO-TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEMS STUDY OF SINGAPORE AS AN URBAN ECO-SYSTEM

Case-Study of the Island and City-State of Singapore

Institutionalisation of Urban Planning and Environmental Management

Economic Development in Singapore

Singapores Competitiveness

Impact of Changes in Global Conditions

Managing Changes in the Physical Environment of Singapore

Environmental Policy and Environmental Management

Enforcement of Environmental Rules and Regulations

Enforcement of Environmental Rules and Regulations through Enforcement Control

Rsum

 

SUSTAINABLE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN A MEDIUM-SIZED CITY: THE EXAMPLE OF FREIBURG, GERMANY

The local implementation of sustainable human development

Urban development in Freiburg

Land use

Transport policy

Energy, water and waste management

 

MEGALOPOLITAN DEVELOPMENT AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF RURAL JAPAN: SUSTAINABILITY IMPLICATIONS OF EXTENDED METROPOLITAN REGIONS IN ASIA

From Megalopolis to Extended Metropolitan Regions

The concept of Megalopolis

Extended Metropolitan Regions and Desakota

The Tokaido Megalopolis

The Melting of Rural and Urban in the Tokaido Megalopolis

Fragmented Rural Land Ownership

The Political Economy of Urban Fringe Land Development

The Spread of Haphazard, Unserviced Sprawl

The Melting of Urban and Rural

Sustainability Issues of Extended Metropolitan Regions

Advantages and Disadvantages of Extended Metropolitan Region Development

Impacts on Travel Patterns and Modal Split

Social and Fiscal Impacts

Lessons of the Japanese Extended Metropolitan Regions Experience

Learning from Japan

Policy Implications for Sustainability in Asian EMRs

 

CITIES, COMPETITIVENESS AND COHESION: EVIDENCE FROM CENTRAL SCOTLAND

Measuring City Competitiveness

Output, productivity and employment

Industrial specialization

New firm formation

Labour markets

Vacant and derelict land

Social cohesion

Social inequality

Housing and the residential environment

Health

Territorial belonging and identity

 

FREE TRADE AND CHANGING PATTERNS OF CITYWARD MIGRATION: The Case of Mexico

The great turn-around of the 1980s and 1990s

Integration, disintegration and migration

New poles of immigration

The transformation of the position of Mexico City in the 1980s

The 1990s: Will Mexico City renew its position as an immigration pole?

 

SUPPORTING URBAN SMALL-SCALE MANUFACTURERS: THE CASE OF EMERGING BLACK-OWNED ENTERPRISES IN GAUTENG, SOUTH AFRICA

Gautengs Emerging Manufacturers: A Profile

The Macro-Policy Environment Provincial and Local

The Provincial Tier

The Local Tier

Weak Policy Frameworks

Support Needs

The Question of Markets

Concentrated Market Structures

Linkages and Inter-Enterprise Cooperation

Linkages Between Large Firms and the SMME Economy

Networks and Linkages Within the SMME Economy

Government Tenders and Procurement

 

THE CITY AS A SOCIOTECHNOLOGICAL SITE: The Case of Exchanges in Financial Centers

Technological sites as centers of calculation

Centers of Calculation Create Spatial Groupings for the Management of Risk

The Case of Global Manufacturing Corporations: mapping homogeneous groups

The case of creating emerging markets as homogeneous groupings for the management of risk.

Translating uncertain societies into managed risk.

The Case of Global Financial Corporations and Futures Exchanges.

Social connectivity as basic imitative sociality: the pit system

Tools for Controlling Time: Future markets, future contracts and temporal markets for the neutralization of risk

Temporal markets and sustainability

Markets as cultures, moral communities, and places of political action

Changes in technology and knowledge and their impact on space.

Markets created by Collective action: the market as a public good.

The tradition of open out-cry trading is challenged by the silence of e-trading and the evolution of knowledge

Technological mediated trading: trading by telephone and electronics

Sociality and anonymous trading

The knowledge and technical infrastructure for anonymous markets.

The evolution of knowledge and technology and their impact on sociality and space

The market as techno-system

Performativity and knowledge: market simplification and desembedding

 

PERI-URBANIZATION: ZONES OF RURAL-URBAN TRANSITION

Peri-Urbanization

Drivers

Global Variants

Whats at Stake?

Peri-Urbanization in East Asia: Comparative Context

The Thai Model

The Philippine Model

Chinese Peri-Urbanization

Inter-Regional Variation

Dynamics of Chinese Peri-Urbanization

The Case of the HangzhouNingbo Corridor

Key Characteristics

Emerging Outcomes

Peri-Urban Governance

 

PLANNING THE SUSTAINABLE CITY: A POLITICAL ECOLOGY OF URBAN GROWTH IN ZANZIBAR

The Sustainable Cities Program and Environmental Sustainability

Land Use and Environmental Sustainability in Zanzibar City

Flexibility, Political Will, and Cost-Effectiveness

 

POVERTY REDUCTION IN INDIA: TOWARDS BUILDING SUCCESSFUL SLUM-UPGRADING STRATEGIES

Poverty in India The Bigger Picture

Definitions and Indicators of Urban Poverty

Key Factors Affecting Urban Poverty in India

Social Infrastructure

Vulnerability of the Urban Poor

Location of the urban poor

Poverty and basic urban services

The impact of migration on Indias urban poverty

Rules of Anti-Poverty Program Design in the Urban Context

Slum Improvement Programs in India

Outcome of Slum Improvement Programs in India

Understanding Poor Peoples Perceptions of Poverty

Institutional Capacity and Sustainability

Constraints in Community Organization and Promoting Participation

Institutional Constraints

Political Constraints

Community Constraints

Impact of Infrastructure

Lack of Impact of Community Development Initiatives

Reflections on the Rules for Anti-Poverty Program Design

New Approach to Urban Anti-Poverty Program Design

 

URBANIZATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION IN JORDAN

Interaction between Urbanization and Agriculture in Drylands

Urban-Rural dynamics in Jordan: Historical Context

Environmental Management: Consumption and degradation at the desert margin

Environmental Awareness and Policy

Water Resources and Demand

Degradation, pollution and consumption

 

LIVELIHOODS, URBANIZATION AND THE RURAL-URBAN INTERFACE IN AFRICAN GROWTH-BASED ECONOMIES:THE CASE OF BOTSWANA

Urbanization and the rural-urban interface in Botswana

A short note on urban policies and economic and social developments in Botswana

Instrumentalizing urban-rural linkages

New patterns of social vulnerability in the wake of urbanization

 

SURVIVAL STRATEGIES AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF KIOSKS IN MOSHI, TANZANIA

Moshi Municipality

The Pre 1980s Kiosk Owners

Contemporary Kiosk Owners: From Survival strategy to development strategy

Growth of Kiosks: Some Contributing Factors

The need for revenue by the municipal council

Land acquisition process for kiosk business.

Stagnated industrial growth.

A change in stock items

Advantage of Kiosk Business

Risks and problems associated with Kiosk Business

Risk of fire

Pedestrian safety.

Crime promotion:

Unhealthy city.

Poor business Environment:

Distorted municipal beauty and investment potentials

 

URBAN SUSTAINABILITY: THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON INTEGRATING ECONOMIC  DEVELOPMENT AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Sustainable development

Ecological modernization

Urban regime theory

Regulation theory

 

WATER AND SUSTAINABILITY IN ASIAN MEGALOPOLISES: THE CASE OF BEIJING

A Conceptual Framework

The Maturing Water Economy

Project Culture

The Case of Beijing: The Early Years

The Expansion Phase (1950s and 1960s)

The End of Expansion: Signs of Stress

The Case of Beijing: Beyond Expansion

The Transition to a Maturing Water Economy

Rapid Economic Growth in a Mature Water Economy

Implications of Beijings Experience

 

A CASE STUDY OF MITIGATING AIR POLLUTION EMISSIONS AT TRAFFIC LIGHT JUNCTIONS

Factors Contributing to Traffic Congestion

Effects of Air Pollution

Carbon Monoxide

Oxides of Nitrogen and Hydrocarbon

Lead Compounds

Smoke

Pollutant Emissions at Traffic Light Junction

Study Approach

Data Collection

Proposed Improvements

Scenario 1

Scenario 2

Estimation Results

Average Stopped Delay

Average Fuel Consumption and Average Pollutant Emissions.

 

URBANIZATION AND DESERTIFICATION IN EUROPEAN MEDITERRANEAN COASTAL AREAS: A CASE STUDY IN NORTH-WESTERN SARDINIA (ALGHERO, ITALY)

Urbanization and land degradation in Sardinia: a case study of soil consumption in the Alghero municipality

Brief description of the study area

The methodological approach for the assessment of soil consumption

Changes due to urbanization in the Alghero municipality

 

 THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF BOMBING ON INDUSTRIAL SITES THROUGHOUT YUGOSLAVIA DURING THE 1999 CONFLICT

Literature Review

Main Chemical Substances Emitted as a Result of NATO Air Campaign

Depleted Uranium

Ethylene dichloride (EDC)

Petroleum hydrocarbons

Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)

Phosgene

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)

Vinyl chloride monomer (VCM)

The Pollution Recorded at Several Industrial Hot-spots

The Use of Depleted Uranium- A Risk for Human Health and the Environment

 

URBAN SOCIAL VULNERABILITY TO DISASTER IN GREATER LOS ANGELES

Greater Los Angeles: Background

Geographic and Economic Background

Political and Administrative Background

Hazard Background

Risk, Hazard, and Vulnerability: Place, Perception, and Politics

Survey Methods

Survey Results

Municipal Perception of Vulnerability

Municipal Sources of Information on Vulnerable Groups

Relations to Neighborhood Groups and NGOs

In-depth Case Studies: Two Coastal Communities

Hazards

Vulnerability

Mitigation

Discussion

Policy Implications for Greater Los Angeles

Los Angeles in the Global Context

 

SHANGHAI: POPULATION PLANNING AND URBAN SUSTAINABILITY

Population Growth and Urbanization in Shanghai

Urbanization and Rising Consumption

Urbanization, Resource Depletion and Environmental Pollution

Arable Land Loss

Environmental Pollution

Move towards Urban Sustainability in Shanghai

Indicators to Measure Shanghais Sustainability: A Case Study

Goals and Indicators of Sustainable Development

Proposed Urban Sustainability Indicators for Shanghai

Identifying Priorities of Sustainability Indicators in Shanghai

Results and Discussion

 

URBAN SUSTAINABLE INDICATORSA CASE STUDY FROM HONG KONG

Sustainable framework for policy-makers

Social-economic baseline

Environmental Baseline

Sustainable indicators and a decision support tool

Guiding Principles

Selection Criteria

A computer aided sustainability evaluation tool (CASET)

Paving the way forward

Some Other Approaches: United Nations Indicators of Sustainable Development

Methodology

National Testing

Analysis

Selection Criteria

Final Framework

Some Other Approaches: European Common Indicators of Sustainable Development

Selection Criteria

Proposals and Final Profile

 

RURAL SUSTAINABILITY

Rural Sustainability

Rural Milieus and their Populations in Metropolitan and Urban Regions

Symbiotic Relationships between Urban and Rural Milieus in Metropolitan and Urban Regions: An Historical Perspective

The Multi-functionality of Rural Milieus in Metropolitan and Urban Regions: The Crux of Achieving Rural Sustainability and Contributing to Urban Sustainability

Integrating Rural and Urban Sustainability: Local Action and Planning within an Enabling Macro-Environment

 

TRADITIONAL LAND USE FOR SUSTAINABLE LAND USE: THE CASE OF YUNNAN PROVINCE, CHINA

General Situation of Yunnan Province

Analysis over Several Traditional Land Use (TLU) Modes at County and Village Level (or the Scale of Landscape)

Slash-and-burn Cultivation and Development of Intensive and Meticulous Farming and Mixed Farming of the Natives Living in the Mountains of Xishuangbanna

Slash-and-burn Cultivation

Paddy Agriculture

Development of Diversified Land Use and Mixed Farming

Terraced Field and Rice-cultivation Culture of Hani People in Ailao Mountain in South Yunnan

The Lagging Land Use Mode and the "Change-the-World" Land Use Mode The Xichou Spirit in the Karst Mountainous Areas

The Changes in Land Use Patterns in the Agricultural Region in the High Mountains and Valley of Nujiang River and the Corresponding Ecological and Economic Effect

Analysis of the TLU Modes at the Household Level

Intensive and Meticulous Cultivation and Diversified Land Use Mode at Farmer Household Level

Features of Land Use and Operation

Household Income

Summary of Features on land use of the household

Summary of Features and Ecological, Economic, and Social Effect of TLU

Building on TLU for Sustainable Land Use and Agriculture

Value of TLU in Sustainable Development

Basic Principles and Goals of the Future Land Use Mode Sustainable Land Use (SLU)

Is TLU a Sustainable Land Use Mode?

Existing Land Use Problems

Deforestation for Expanding Farmland and the Rapid Conversion of Fertile Farmland into Building Areas

Increasing Consumption of Resources and Resource Crisis

Increasingly Severe Ecological Degeneration of Land

Worsening Environmental Pollution

Current Land Use Pressures

Pressure for Food Production

Pressure for Poverty Alleviation

Pressure for Resources and Environmental Protection

Recommendations for building on TLU for Sustainable Land Use

 

REGIONAL RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN PUNJAB PROVINCE: AN ENVIRONMENT-BASED APPROACH FOR GUIDING DECISIONS ON INDUSTRIAL LOCATION

The environment-based approach and Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)

The Case Study Area: Punjab Province

Methodology of the Study

Zoning for different industrial categories

The GIS Process

The Final Product

Pollution assimilative capacity of nature

Backward areas uplift

Operationalizing Findings

 

INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS AND THEIR UPGRADING: BUILDING ON THE LESSONS OF THREE DECADES OF EXPERIENCE

Nature and Evolution of Informal Settlements Upgrading

Lessons of Experience

Some ideas on the way forward

 

RURBANIZATION IN THE REGIONAL PERIPHERY OF CENTRAL MEXICO

Rurbanization examined

Spatial characteristics of the Central Region

Periurban agriculture in the Central Region

 

INTEGRATED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT: BASIC CONCEPTS AND ISSUES

Watershed Approach to Conservation and Development

Level of Watershed as Management Planning Unit

The Dilemma

Costs and Benefits of Watershed Management

Major Issues in Watershed Management

Determinants of Watershed Status

Approach to Watershed Management

Integrated Conservation and Development Activities

Mobilization and Strengthening of Existing Development Agencies

Participatory Management Planning and Implementation

 

MINERAL EXTRACTION, ECONOMY AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT: THE ROLE OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN ECONOMIES IN TRANSITION AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Mineral extraction, FDI and urbanization

Possible destabilization of the urban development due to FDI in the CEE region

Benefits of FDI for host countries

Environmental and social consequences related to FDI in mineral extraction

Negative FDI implication for the local environment. Case studies: Kyrgyzstan, Romania cyanide and heavy metal spills

Cyanide spill accident in Kyrgyzstan

Cyanide and heavy metal spill in Romania

 

SUSTAINABLE FUTURE URBAN PATTERNS AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES OF TROPICAL WETLANDS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

Traditional Socio-economic Activities

Low-rise Low Density Traditional Villages

Low-rise High Density Traditional Villages

Monetary Socio-economic Activities

Cash-cropping Agriculture Villages

Mixed Cultivation Villages

New Specialised Agriculture Villages

Modern socio-economic industrial development

 

USING FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT TO IMPROVE URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES –THE CASE OF HANOI, VIETNAM

Case Study Area Profile

Reviewing the Existing Situation of FDI and UEM in Hanoi

Arguments against and for private provision of the Water Supply and Sanitation Services (WSSS)

Characteristics of WSSS – Argument for Public Provision of WSSS

The problems with public provision of WSSS – Argument for their Private Provision

Historical Process of Private Participation in WSSS

The Case of the Developed Countries

In the Developing Countries

Options of Private Foreign Participation in Urban Environmental Infrastructure

Risks

Risks Involved in Foreign Private Participation in Vietnam / Hanoi

Measures for Reducing the Risks

What Will It Take to Attract FDI for the Provision of WSSS

FDI for Provision of UEI&S in Hanoi: Findings of a Survey

 

TEMPORARY MIGRANTS IN SHANGHAI, CHINA:  HOUSING CHOICES AND PATTERNS

Studying migrant housing in Chinas context

Migrant housing patterns

Individual-level determinants of migrant housing choices

Geographical distribution of migrants

 

RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY, PLANNING AND PRACTICE IN CITIES AND CITY REGIONS

Major Urban Energy Issues

Fossil Fuel Depletion and Cities

Urban Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Energy and the Form of the Built Environment

Cultural Shifts towards Sustainable Urban Energy Development

Post-globalization: New Energy for Sustainable Regions

Energy, Cities, and Technological Innovation

Climate-stable Development

Solar City, a Blueprint for Integrated Urban Planning

Case: Insulating Urban Development from Fossil Fuel Dependency in China

A Future Promoter of Urban Energy and Greenhouse Planning

An Integrated Urban Energy, Environment, and Development Strategy

 

SELF-SUSTAINABILITY FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF WATER CYCLES AT THE LOCAL LEVEL

Findings of the Research

Main findings of the LABSLA research

Methodology: Selection Process

Methodology: Evaluation via the Best Practices method

Methodology: public consultation and involvement of local communities.

Ways of rewarding representation.

Savonarola Neighbourhood Contract, Padua, Italy

Framing the Savonarola Contract Case Study

Water in the "Caduti della Resistenza" District, Padua

Criteria adopted for water cycle planning decisions

Importance of water saving equipment

Abacus of water saving measures (characteristics and materials)in Padua case study

Abacus of treatment facilities (characteristics and materials)

Planning criteria for winter garden (or greenhouse)

Planning Criteria for "greening" the open spaces

Public participation in the planning cycle as a precondition for technical applications

Methods and aesthetic perception indicators as decision planning support

Municipal Water Planning: the RIGENA Programme

Traditional versus new town planning instruments, for the protection of water resources

RIGENA Programme

 

INDICATORS OF URBAN SUSTAINABILITY IN THE UNITED STATES: A FRAMEWORK FOR MEASURING PROGRESS

The Santa Monica Indicator Program

Review of the Literature

Sustainability Criteria for Testing Purposes

Methods

Is this a Sustainability Indicator Program?

Step 1: Testing the Sustainability Principles

Step 2: Matching the Sustainability Principles to Goals

Step 3: Testing the Sustainability Indicators

Is This an Effective Program?

Results

Is the Santa Monica CIP a Sustainability Program?

Adequacy of the Sustainability Principles

Sustainability Principles in Relation to Goals

Adequacy of the Sustainability Indicators

If Not a Sustainability Program, Is it an Effective Program?

Discussion

The Test Results

Aiming for Urban Sustainability

Lessons for Urban Planners and Managers

 

URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY IN NIGERIA

Infrastructure Development and the Nigerian Urban Environment

Infrastructure Provision Models

State Provision An Illusion? Reflections on Benin City

The Provision and State of Infrastructure Services

Urban Partnership Initiatives: The Sustainable Ibadan Project

Sustainable Ibadan Project and Urban Environmental Infrastructure Management

Urban Management Context and Sustainable Ibadan Project

Implications for Urban Infrastructure and Development

 

ORGANIZATIONAL PUZZLE OF HOUSEHOLD SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN PORTO-NOVO

Theoretical Considerations about Infrastructure and Urban Ecology

Methods

The Main Features of Porto-Novos Current Household Solid Waste Management System

City Context

Current Household Solid Waste Management System in Porto-Novo

Pre-Collection

Collection and/or Transfer

Sanitary Land Fill or Disposal

Restructuring in the Household Solid Waste Management System

Structural Reforms and Urban Ecology

Structural Change and Urban Ecology of Porto-Novo

Analysis of Actors Perception of Structural Change

Analysis of the Perception of the Coordinating Committee of the Household Solid Waste Management System

Analysis of the Perception of Peoples Representatives of the Household Solid Waste management system

Analysis of Peoples Perceptions of the Household Solid Waste Management System

Policy Implications and Concluding Comments

 

THE LONG ROAD TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE CITIES: The Dutch case

Ecological Footprint of Cities

Areas, Actors and Material Flows: the three Pillars of Urban Sustainability

Areas

Actors

Material Flows

General

Energy

Water

Resources and materials

Traffic flows: the relation between urbanization and car mobility

Public Transport Infrastructure: The Breakthrough of Light Rail in Urbanized Regions

General

Theoretical notions on networks for urban district public transport

“Feedering" and connecting public transport

Added value of nodes in public transport

Light rail: towards the integration of city and urban district transport into urbanized region transport

 

URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION AND THE QUANTIFIABLE CONSEQUENCES OF INEFFICIENT PLANNING ON URBAN SUSTAINABILITY

The Direct Impacts of Freight Transportation on Urban Settlements: Externalities and Diseconomies

Positive Externalities

Negative Externalities

The Diseconomies Related to Urban Freight Transportation

Urban Freight Transportation and Urban Sustainability

Case Study: Quantifying Diseconomies in the City of Petropolis, Brazil

Fuel Consumption

Emission of Pollutants

Estimating Pollution Values

Quantifying the costs of air pollutant emissions

The “Monetarization of Externalities”: Policy Implications

 

TRANSPORTATION AND URBAN SUSTAINABILITY

Objectives and Vision

Economic objective

Environmental objective

Social objective

Current Trends in Transportation Systems

Elements of Transportation Systems

Vehicles and fuel

Role of Technology

Economic and regulatory measures

Infrastructure and traffic flow

Role of technology

Economic and regulatory measures

Drivers and road users

Sustainable Transportation Strategies

Demand management

Travel efficiency

Modal shifts

Approaches to Sustainable Transportation Strategies

Technological approaches

Demand management

Travel efficiency

Modal shift

Economic and regulatory approaches

Demand management

Travel efficiency

Modal shift

Planning and management-based approaches

Demand management

Travel efficiency

Modal shift

Synthesis and Discussion

 

INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT AS "SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT": A BANGLADESH CASE STUDY

Roads and Rural Development in Bangladesh: Shifts in Goals and Orientation

Road Saturation Debates

Care and Rural Road Projects In Bangladesh.

Implications of the Shift from IFFW To IFFD

A Summary of Impacts of Road Improvements on The Livelihoods of Local People

Changes In Market Facilities, Modes And Costs Of Transport

Factors shaping market preference, and impacts of road improvements on market options

Changes in modes and costs of transport

Womens mobility

Changes In Cropping Strategies And Agricultural Production.

Diversification Of Income-Generating Opportunities, Expansion of Nonfarm Opportunities

Rickshaw-Pullers

Shopkeepers and mill-owners

Women entrepreneurs.

Access To Institutional Resources

Credit

Education

Health

 

LAND TRANSPORT POLICIES AND STRATEGIES FOR A SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT SYSTEM

Background

Policies And Strategies

Improving Public Transport

Managing demand for road usage

Developing an efficient and comprehensive road network

Harnessing technology to maximize network capacity

Integrating Transport Planning and Land Use

Other Supporting Measures

 

ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION INDICATORS FOR UPGRADED SLUMS: The Case of Jardim Floresta Slum (Favela) in the City of SĂŁo Paulo

Slums and Their Inter-Relations

Initial considerations

The Slums in the urban spaces of the City of SĂŁo Paulo

The intervention process in shantytowns

Inter-related issues and prerequisites in slums upgrading

Public health and environmental sanitation

Public urban services in slums

Importance of free urban spaces and protection areas for water catchments

Environmental Sanitation Indicator - Esi

Objective

Components of the Environmental Sanitation Indicator

Structure of the Environmental Sanitation Indicator

Environmental Sanitation Indicator for Slums - Esi/S

Objective

Environmental Sanitation Indicator for slums

Water Supply Indicator (ICA)

Sewage Collection and Septic Tanks Indicator (ICE)

Garbage Collection Indicator (ICR)

Drainage Indicator (IDR)

Street and Passageways Indicator (IVC)

Soundness of Geologic/Geo-technical Indicator (ISG)

Gross Demographic Density Indicator (IDD)

Electric Energy Indicator (IEL)

Regularizing Land Ownership Indicator (IRE)

Street Cleaning Indicator (IVA)

Streetlights Indicator (IIP)

Public Areas Indicator (IEP)

Income Indicator (IRF)

Education Indicator (IED)

Report on Environmental Sanitation for Upgraded Slums

Selection of the Area for the Case Study

Confirmation of the Applicability of the Proposed Model

 

MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THIRD WORLD CITIES: LESSONS LEARNED AND A PROPOSAL FOR IMPROVEMENT

Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) in Third World Cities: An Overview

Definition of Municipal Solid Waste

Current Problems

Conventional Waste Management Systems

MSWM in the First and Third World: A Comparison

Differences between First and Third World cities that affect MSWM

Transfer of Solid Waste Management Technology

Informal Refuse Collection and Scavenging

Informal Refuse Collection

Scavenging

Categorizing Scavenging

At the Source

Source Separation

Itinerant Buyers Purchase Recyclables from Residents

Scavengers Salvage Materials from Dumpsters

Scavenging on the Streets or Public Spaces

During Collection

Sorting of Recyclables by Collection Crews while on their Collection Routes

Recovery of Recyclables by Informal Refuse Collectors

Recovery in Canals and Rivers that Cross Urban Areas

Recovery at Processing and Disposal Sites

Recovery at Composting Plants

Recovery at Municipal Open Dumps

Recovery at Landfills

Evaluating the Impacts of and Response to Scavenging

Economic and Environmental Impact of Scavenging

Public Policy towards Scavenging

Repression

Neglect

Collusion

Stimulation

Proposal for a Decentralized MSWM System

 

ENVIRONMENTAL LIFE CYCLE ASSESSEMENT AND MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Environmental and Economic Relevance of MSW

Landfills

Recycling

Incineration

 Introduction to Life Cycle Assessment

LCA Studies Comparing Incineration vs. Recycling of Paper

Climate Change

Fossil Fuel Consumption

Applications of Systems Models and LCA to MSW Management

Fundamental Analysis

LCA in Policy Formulation

LCA as a Design Tool for Municipal Planners

 

URBAN DIMENSIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

World Cities in the Era of Sustainable Development

Meeting the Challenges of Sustainability, Globalization and Cohesion

Maximizing Human Welfare and Enhancing Urban Capital

Policy Integration and Balance, Local Democracy and Citizenship

Urban Ecological Challenges and Responses

Local Agendas 21: A World Momentum for Sustainable Development

Resourceful Eco-efficient Cities versus Giant Ecological Footprints

Energy as a Yardstick for the Sustainable City

Towards a More Sustainable Mobility

Social Justice as a Sin Equa Non-condition for Urban Sustainability

Enhancing Human and Social Capital

Improving Employment, Income Distribution and Social Cohesion

Upgrading Home Environments: the Focus on Living Conditions

Promoting Noble Public Spaces and Cultural Added Value

Sustainable Regeneration and Urban Economic Development

Revitalizing the Urban Cells

Realizing the Local Potential for Multiple Dividend Solutions

Towards a Meaningful Mix of Policy Instruments

Institutional Architecture and Strategic Planning

From City Government to Urban Governance

Drivers of Institutional Change and Obstacles to Accountability

Designing the Cities of the Future

Best Practices and Indicators: a Compass for Progress

 

URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS: IMPLICATIONS OF RAPID URBANIZATION WITHOUT ADEQUATE URBAN GOVERNANCE IN LESOTHO

Background

Urban Development Services

Environmental and Social Problems and their Implications

Social Problems

Urban Poverty

Housing

Access to Public Amenities

Crime and Vice

Environmental Problems

Pollution

Waste Management

Water Supply and Sanitation

Health

Urban Environmental Challenge

 

MEXICO CITY: INDIVIDUAL AND COLLECTIVE RESPONSES TO URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION

The natural setting

Industrialization and population growth

The recent environmental crisis

The middle class as a research focus

Out-migration by middle class families

Social participation by middle class women

Final remarks

 

CONFLICT IN PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT: LESSONS FOR EMPOWERMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY FROM SOUTH AFRICA

Methods

Findings from the Case Studies

Influences on the Decision to Participation

Participation and Conflict

Empowerment and Sustainability

Participation, Personal Empowerment, and Sustainability

Participation, Sustainability, and the Community

Points of Vulnerability

 

SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION BALANCES ECONOMIC VIABILITY, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND SOCIAL EQUITY: THE CASE OF BOGOT COLUMBIA

The Case Study of Bogot: Background Information

Background

Pacto Social

Projecto TransMilenio

Technical Aspects of TransMilenio

Initial Results

Beyond Buses: Public Space and Bicycles

Public Space Improvement

Bikeway Development

Automobile Based Initiatives

Car-Free Day Referenda

"Pico y Placa" Driving Restrictions

Disincentives to Driving

Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial

 

THE POLITICAL AND SOCIAL AGENDA IN POLICY MAKING IN THE URBAN SECTOR: THE CASE OF EGYPT (1950S-1990S)

An Overview of Egypts Shelter Problem

The State, Domestic Determinants and Foreign Policy in Three Eras

The Revolution, Socialism and National Development - Nasser (1952-70)

The Open Door, Redirection and Facing North/West - Sadat (1970-81)

The Reform and Structural Adjustment - Mubarak (post 1981)

The Political Economy of Shelter

Socio-economic Changes and the Urban Sector

The States Mode of Intervention

Inevitable Outcomes

Conceptual Reflections

 

DECENTRALIZATION AND SUSTAINABLE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: AN ANALYSIS OF LOCAL AND MUNICIPAL COUNCILS IN IRAN

Struggle for Participation and The Making of the Councils

Background

New Impetus for Local and Municipal Councils

Legal Framework of Councils

Prospects for Development and Democratization

Immediate Impact

Current Shortcomings

Potentials

 

RURAL DEVELOPMENT: PARTICIPATION AND DIVERSITY FOR SUSTAINABILITY

Linkages between Rural and Urban Sustainability

Populations as Driving Force of Rural Change

Rural Poverty

Environmental Factors

People and land transformation

Water and irrigation

Food Production

A Case for Diversity and Participation

An effort towards holistic and participatory rural development

 

INVESTIGATING THE CONCEPTS OF LEGALITY AND LEGITIMACY IN SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT: A CASE STUDY OF LAND USE PLANNING IN MAPUTO, MOZAMBIQUE

The legal and regulatory basis for urban development in Mozambique

Historical development of urban settlement patterns in Mozambique

Urban development policy

The legal basis for urban land use

Urban land management

The case of Maputo city

Pre-Independence development

Post-Independence development

Social legitimacy and sustainable urban development

 

PATTERNS OF ECONOMIC AFFLUENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION IN HOUSTON, TEXAS

Air Pollution and Ill-Health in Cities

Growing Affluence and Increasing Pollution Over Time

The Population and the Problem of Air Pollution

Indicators of Sustainability: Air Quality and Health Care

Air Pollution in Houston

Health Care in Houston Medical Heaven

Poor Health Indicators in Houston

 

COPING WITH URBAN SOCIAL VULNERABILITY TO HAZARDS IN TOKYO: CURRENT STATUS OF DISASTER MITIGATION PLANS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS

Disaster Mitigation Plans of Tokyo                                                       

Consideration of Urban Social Vulnerability to Hazards in Tokyo

Outline of the Survey and the Study Area

Definition of Disaster-Vulnerable People

Consideration of Vulnerable People in Disaster Mitigation Plans

Difficulties of Obtaining Information on Disaster-Vulnerable People

Roles of Neighborhood Groups

Geographical Variations

Potential Roles of Non-Governmental Organizations

Expectations to Non-Governmental Organizations

Examples of Non-Governmental Organizations

Examples of Community-Based Organizations

Integrating Resources of Various Organizations into Municipal Disaster Mitigation Plans

 

THE DEGRADATION OF WORK IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY: LOW INCOME WOMEN AND THE PRECARIOUS LABOR MARKET IN SAO PAULO, BRAZIL

Soaring Unemployment and Numbers of Unregistered Workers

Outsourcing of Production - The Resurgence of Homework and Sweatshops

The Case of the Garment Industry

Union Strategies to Prevent Precarization

 

VICTIMS, VILLAINS, AND FIXERS: THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT AND JOHANNESBURG'S POOR

Urban Poverty and the Urban Environment

Victims: Apartheids Legacy

Water

Sanitation

Electricity

From Heroes to Villains and the Struggle for Urban Services

Who are the Fixers? It cannot be Business as Usual

 

URBAN SEGREGATION AND SUSTAINABILITY IN SAO PAULO, BRAZIL

So Paulo environmental features

The segregated growth of the urbanized area

Recent Metropolitan Economic Performance

Housing segregation in the 1990s.

Air pollution and impediments to mobility.

 

THE FIVE CITIES OF BUENOS AIRES: POVERTY AND INEQUALITY IN URBAN ARGENTINA

The Federal Capital: The Five Cities of Buenos Aires

Public Investment as a Factor in Inequality:

Infrastructure:

Public Education

Health Care

Unsatisfied Basic Needs

Patterns of Cumulative Inequality

The Five Cities of Buenos Aires

 

MISSING LINKS: NEIGHBORHOOD AND STATE INITIATIVES AGAINST CRIME IN CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA

Authoritarian Legacies

Community-based Initiatives for Crime Prevention and Safety and Security

Delft South: Consolidating Community through Crime Prevention

Building from the Door Kickers Struggle for Housing

The formation of street committees in Delft South

State Initiatives to Improve Community Safety and Security

Community Policing Forums in Practice

 

THE CITIES, THE STATE AND THE MARKETS: IN SEARCH OF SUSTAINABILITY

Development strategies and urban policies: basic links.

The modernization strategy (1950-1970)

The modernist urban development strategies

The basic needs strategy

The basic needs urban development strategy

Structural adjustment strategy

Structural adjustment and urban development strategies 1970-1980

The economic role of the cities in a changing World economy

The macro-economic changes

ICT and the rise of global financial markets and the placeboundedness

The neoliberal strategy for urban development

Policies aimed at enhancing urban productivity(R.Burgess, M..Carmona and T.Kolstee. (1997))

Urban policies and environmental sustainability: particular interactions.

The complexity of the environment and the limits of citywide management

The strengthening of the demand side in unequal societies

Networked services, environmental systems and institutional reshaping on urban management

The prospects of change

 

THE EFFECTS OF THE TRANSITION IN HUNGARY ON THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT

Hungary: A Case Study

Before the Transition

The Transition

Post Transition Changes in Transport Policy

Changes in Public Transit Policy

Changes in Road and Highway Sector Policy

Changes in Rail Policy

The Causes of Sprawl in Budapest

Sprawl, Housing, and Highways

Suburban and Ex-urban Commercial Sprawl

Foreign Investment and Sprawl

Sprawl and Sustainable Development: Push Factors

Sprawl and Sustainable Development: Pull Factors

 

THE ROLE OF CLIENTELISM IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: Case Study Kocaeli, Turkey

Structural Adjustment Program: Changes in the Economy and Governmental Structures

Clientelism

The Case Study: Kocaeli

Background

Projects to Enhance Sustainable Development in Kocaeli

The Dynamics of Clientelistic Networks in Governing Kocaeli:

The Role of Clientelistic Networks in Undertaking the Projects for Sustainable Development

 

GREENING LONDON: SUSTAINABILITY, POLITICS AND THE THIRD WAY

Sustainability and the Third Way

Sustainability as Strategy

Sustainability as Implementation

 

THE NATIONAL-LOCAL POLICY VACUUM IN SUSTAINABLE LAND USE PLANNING: al-qatif oasis, saudi arabia.

Setting the Scene: Oases in Saudi Arabia

The Impacts of Urban Growth

Impact on Agricultural Land

Impact on Coastal Land

The Policy Framework

Physical Development and Urban Planning Policies

Environmental Policies

Agricultural and Water Development Policies

Policy Integration and Co-operation

Education and Participation

Towards Sustainable Development in the Oasis

 

TECHNICAL PROCESS, POLITICAL REALITIES: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND THE SOUTH DURBAN STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

Technical Processes, Political Realities

The South Durban Strategic Environmental Assessment

Background

The Study

Competing Agendas

Sustainable Development

The decision making arena

The local planning environment

Institutional Issues

Local Government

Civil Society

Implications for Environmental Politics

 

INTERPRETING THE REGULATORY GEOGRAPHY OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: THE RISE OF THE SUSTAINABLE CITY IN THE UK.

Reinterpreting the Regulation Approach

Regulation as process.

The geographies of regulation - or the spatialisation of regulatory processes.

The coming of the sustainable city: the re-regulation of Britains urban economy

The coming of the sustainable city the case of the UK.

The sustainable city in the sustainable society Third Way politics in the UK.

Sustainable development and the Regulation Approach

The environment and notions of crisis

Scalar translations

The Scope of Sustainability

 

THE MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING ON CHILD LABOR, EXPORT-ORIENTED GARMENT PRODUCTION IN BANGLADESH, AND URBAN SUSTAINABILITY

The Campaign against the Use of Child Labor in the Bangladeshi Export-Oriented Garment Industry

The Context of the Campaign

The Origins of the Campaign in the United States

The Use of Child Labor in Bangladesh

The Harkin Bill and its Effects

Garments in Dhaka: A Map of the City

The Crisis

The Signing and Implementation of the MOU

Results?

The MOU, Child Labor and Urban Sustainability

 

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY: AN INTRODUCTION

Prologue

Public policymaking and organizational context

Development of Administration: Ancient

Modern systems

Contemporary developments

Administrative Management

Public policy

Epilogue

 

SOCIAL DIVERSITY AND DEVELOPMENT POLICY: THE USE OF CONSTRAINTS AND INCENTIVES

Goals and Requirements of Development

Society and Polity

State and Intervention and Development

A Proposal for Effective Decision making

 

POLITICAL PARTIES: PRINCIPAL ARENAS OF POLICYMAKING CONFLICT

A Brief Institutional History of Parties

Types of Party System and Their Policymaking Consequences

Party Functions and External Relationships

Parties and Elections

Parties in the Legislature

Parties and the Chief Executive

Partisanship in the Judiciary

Parties and Organized Interest Groups

Parties and the Media

Factionalism and the Nominating Process

Coalition Formation and Moderation

First Elections

Popular Participation in Nominations

Political Parties as Planning Agencies and Policy Advocates

Cases of Political Parties Impact on Life-Support Policies

Personal Safety in Colombia

Water in India

Death and Life in Russia

Future Development of Political Parties

Rights and Responsibilities of Political Parties

 

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN TODAY'S WORLD OF ORGANIZATIONS AND MARKETS

Research on Complex Organizations

Markets as Coordinating Mechanisms

From a Market Economy to an Organizational Economy

How Organizations Coordinate

Organizational Identification

Organizational Innovation and Adaptation to Change

Social Implications

The Distribution of Power

Distribution of the Social Product: Levels of Employment and Production

Distribution of the Social Product: Fairness

 

PLANNED ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE: ESSENTIALS FOR CONSTRUCTIVE ACTION

Context

Organizations: delineations and specifics

Context of change intervention

Change components and their dynamic relationships

Assessing the Social-Technical System(s)

Change myth and doctrine

Change goals

Organization and operational domain

Structuring of change

Application of strategies and tactics

Evaluation of the endeavor

 

ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE: UNDERSTANDING THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Early History and Recent Development of the Study of Organizational Culture

Modern Organizational Culture in Public Agencies

Deciphering an Organizations Culture

 

PERSIAN LEGACIES OF BUREAUCRACY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Early Iran, prior to the Persian Empire

The World-State Persian Empire

The founding father, Cyrus the Great

Institutions of governance

The King and the central government

The satrapy system of administration

The Persian bureaucracy

Administrative Reforms of Darius

Persian legacies towards administration

 

DEVELOPMENT OF AFRICAN ADMINISTRATION: PRE-COLONIAL TIMES AND SINCE

Pre-colonial system: From the Ashes of Pharaohs to the Berlin Conference

Ancient Civilization of Africa: The Case of Egypt

Medieval Africa

Beyond the Medieval Era to the Nineteenth Century

Colonial Period

The Consolidation of the Colonial Administration

Beyond the First World War and toward Independence

The Post-Colonial Administration and Problems of Development

Historical and Structural Origins

Administrative Performance in Post-Colonial Period

Administrative Reforms in Africa


 POLITICS IN THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST

Ruling and abiding by the Rules

Early Components of a Public Culture

Good Governance and the Art of Ruling

Representative Systems

Political Representation and the Deliberative Process

Voting and the Electoral Process

Social Justice and the Judiciary

 

ANCIENT BUREAUCRACIES OF INDIA AND CHINA AND MODERN ADMINISTRATION

Western Misinterpretations

Max Weber's Prebendal Bureaucracy

Karl Marx's Asiatic Mode of Production

Eisenstadt's Bureaucratic Empires

Comparisons: India and China

Indian and Chinese Evolution

Confucian Brahmins and Kautilyan Mandarins

The European evolution

The Roman Empire

Feudalism and the Catholic Church

Societal Evolution: Facilitating Factors

Some lessons

The District Collector

Societal Evolution and State Enterprises

The Derivative Middle Class

 

FRENCH PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

History of French Administration

Fifth Republic

State in French political Culture

Civil Service

The Gand Corps

Relationship with Private Sector

Decentralization and the Prefect

Administrative Law

 

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN AMERICA: THE EXCEPTIONALISM OF A HYBRID BUREAUCRACY

Attraction of presidentialism

American exception

Making valid comparisons

Power and performance

Types of bureaucracy

Mandarins

Retainers

In-and-Outers

Functionists

Mandarinates: Great Britain

Presidentialism and the US

Patronage and Spoils

A Hybrid bureaucracy

Rotation and Spoils

Teaching Public Administration

Professionalism

 

POLITICS AND ANTI-POLITICS: AMERICAN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

Stunted and Truncated: Public Administration in the Nineteenth Century

A Stunted Government

A Truncated Profession

A Gentlemanly but Political Public Service

Dark Tides: Populism and Patronage

Jackson and Democratization

From Democratization to Spoils

Reform: Honesty and Anti-Politics

Early Efforts

Reform by Murder

Nirvana Attained: The Civil Service Act of 1883

The Merit Principle and American Governments

Reform: The Foundation for the Next Century

 

NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT: ORIGINS, DIMENSIONS, AND CRITICAL IMPLICATIONS

Origin and Globalization of New Public Management

Rationales and Causes of New Public Management

Major Dimensions of New Public Management

Theoretical-Conceptual Dimension

Functional-Professional Dimension

Structural-Compositional Dimension

Normative-Ethical Dimension

Strategic-Technical Dimension

Critical Implications of New Public Management

Implications for Citizens

Implications for public service

Limits and Prospects of New Public Management

 

STRATEGIES OF SUCCESSFUL ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS

Administrative reforms

Politics of reform

Characteristics of reform

Approaches to reform

Citizens charter

Re-engineering the government

Re-inventing government

New public management (NPM)

Privatization/contracting out

Financial reform

Democratization

Decentralization

The Indian experience

Evaluation of reforms

 

THE NEW ZEALAND REFORMS

Context

Political Factors

Intellectual Framework

The Principal Reforms

Trading activities

Restructuring the Core Public Service

Financial Management

Overview and Assessment

Outcome Accountability

Policy Advice

The "Collective Interest of Government"

Departmental Capability

 

GOVERNANCE, FACILITATIVE STATES AND TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Governance and Facilitative Institutions

Three Dimensions of Governance as a Global Framework

Social Self Governance and Civil Society

Economic Governance and Markets

The Facilitative State and Political Governance

Applied Pluralist and Public-Choice Theories and Todays Search for Good Governance

Reconciliation via Governance and Facilitative State Perspectives

Searching Questions and Connectedness

Varied and Shared Public Administration Frameworks Within and Among Nations

Continental European Thought and Practices

Public-Sector Redefinition

Deconcentration: Dispersed Authority and Responsibilities

Balancing Transparency and Access with Privacy and Security

Government under Law and Governance through Law

Accountability and Responsibility

New Public Management, Commonwealth Nations, and Related Developments

Post-Bureaucratic Theories and Practices?

Responsive, High-Performance Administrative Cultures

Public Entrepreneurship and Managerial Autonomy

Competition and Private Performance of Publicly Provided Functions

Matching Resources and Functions Performed

Contexts and Theories Underlying NPM

Shared and Varied American Frameworks

Enduring Civic-Constitutional Ideals and Public Administration

Failed Autonomy of American Public Administration

Complexities of Contemporary Movements

International Perspectives and Shared Paradoxes of Public Administration

Situational Differences and Shared Practices as Twenty-First Century Realities

United Nations and World Bank

Enduring and 21st Century Paradoxes of Governance in a Facilitative-State Era

 

THE INTERNET, GOVERNMENTS AND THE ISSUE OF GOVERNANCE: A NEW CARTOGRAPHY OF POWER?

Towards a Globalized Economy: A New Architecture?

The Death of Space?

Sovereignty, electronic commerce and globalization

Developing a New Global Framework for Electronic Commerce

Redefining the role of governments

 

CONTEMPORARY PUBLIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS:PATRONAGE, CIVIL SERVICE, PRIVATIZATION, AND SERVICE CONTRACTS

Public Personnel Management Functions

Public Jobs as Scarce Resources

Traditional Values

Emergent Values

Traditional Systems: Patronage, Civil Service, Collective Bargaining, and Affirmative Action

Emergent  Systems

Conflict and Compromise among Alternative Public Personnel Systems

Service Contracting and Privatization Outcomes in Developed and Less developed Countries

 

REVISITING BUDGETARY INCREMENTALISM

Basic issues

Larger connections

Some distinctions

Characteristics of budgeting

The Demise of incrementalism

Broader context, limited horizon

Gentlemanly government

Denouncing reform

Either/or

Contradictions: Holding on and letting go

Rejecting and accepting

More inconsistencies

Policy and counseling

Encountering change

Reducing and increasing conflict

Governmental (in)capacity

Imbalanced perspective

Sympathy and inaction

Return to basics

Theoretical building blocks

Different kinds of incrementalism

 

BUDGETING FOR GOVERNMENT ACTIVISM AND DEMOCRACY

Budgeting for Governmental Activism and Democracy

The Need for Budget Reform

Designing a Budget Reform

Budgeting for Governmental Activism

Budgeting for Democracy

The Budget Hearing

Citizen Planning and Prioritizing

 

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT AND LIFE SUPPORT PROGRAMS

Scope of Life Support Program

Differences between Industrial and Developing Countries

Financial Management Cycle

Issues in Practice

Policy Management

Segmented and Integrated Approaches

Intent and Outcome

Anchor of Expenditure Management

Delivery of Services

Fraud and Waste

Neglected Fault Lines Transparency and Accountability

Tasks Ahead

 

ELUSIVE NEXUS: BASIC NEEDS AND FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION

A Brief History

Participation in development

The Theories of Basic Needs and Decentralization

Basic Needs

Decentralization

The Nexus

Previous Empirical Work

An empirical test of the common ground

The Model

Dependent Variable: The Human Development Index

Independent Variables

Control Variables

Final Model Equation

The Data: Caveats

The results

The Basic Needs Indices and Decentralization

The Colonial History Control Variables

 

MEASURING PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC SECTOR PROGRAMS

Significance

State of the Art

Implementation

Limitations

Institutional Context

The Bottom Line.

 

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW

Administrative Power, Discretion, and the Rule of Law

Administrative Rulemaking

How much independence should administrative agencies have in developing and issuing rules?

What values should be emphasized in rulemaking procedures?

By what criteria should rules be judged?

What are some common types of rulemaking?

Administrative Adjudication

Enforcement

Transparency

The Legal Status of Public Agencies and Administrators

External Review of Agency Operations

Substantive Review of Administrative Decisions

Procedural Review of Agency Actions

 

THE OMBUDSMAN OFFICE

Historical Creation of Ombudsman Offices

What is an Ombudsman?

The mission of the ombudsman

What is a classical ombudsman?

Independence from those being investigated

Impartiality and Fairness

Credible Review Process

Confidentiality

The International Ombudsman Institute

Current State of the Ombudsman Concept

Ombudsman Office in Context of Other Correction Mechanisms

The Specifics of the Ombudsmans Job

Ombudsman Office Compared to Other Avenues for Remedy

Effectiveness of the Ombudsman

 

ETHICS IN PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS

Ethics at the Institutional Level

Ethics at the Organizational Level

Prevention, Investigation, and Prosecution

Leadership and Organizational Culture

Ethics at the Individual Public Servant Level

 

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND DIFFUSION

The Beginnings of Technology Dissemination

Technology: Multiple Definitions

Languages and Codes

Customs, Traditions, Rituals, and Rites

Applied Concepts and Knowledge

Manufactured Goods and Tools

Natural Objects Adapted for Use

Aesthetic Objects and Performances

Impact on Societies

Level of Impact

Nature of Consequences

The Process of Technology Dissemination

Stages in Technology Dissemination

Stage 1: Innovation

Stage 2: Communication

Stage 3: Adoption

Technology Dissemination depends upon People, Things, Places

People: The Actors and their Roles

Things: The Donors Technology and the Recipients Need

Places: The Settings Across Times and Localities

Policy and Practice in Technology Dissemination

Purposes and Formal Organizations

Factors Affecting Policies and Practices

Cultures

Resources

Relationships

Technology Dissemination: Prospects and Ramifications

Development Cycle

The Pace of Dissemination

Bottom-line Ramification

 

INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AS A LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM RESPONSE

Environmental Policy Challenges in the 21st Century

Global Capitalism versus Individual Economies

Northern Consumption versus Southern Population

Environmental Security versus Diplomatic Security

Political Sovereignty versus Global Public Sphere

Individual Accountability versus Global Responsibilities

Anthropocentric Values versus Environmental Ethics

Environmental Policy as a Response System

Environmental Ethics as the Foundation

Global Responsibility as the Principle

Local Decision-making as the System of Governance

Quality of Life as the Goal

 

DEVELOPMENTAL ISSUES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY IN SOUTH AFRICA

The South African context

Growth, development and the environment

Sustainable development

Natural resource economics policy in South Africa

Integrated pollution and waste management

Linkages with macro-economic policy

Approaches to integrated pollution and waste management

Operation of environmental management policy

The environment as an asset

The design of environmental policy

Environmental management as an integral part of business strategy

 

CORRUPTION IN ASIAN COUNTRIES: CAN IT BE MINIMIZED?

Levels of Asian corruption

Measuring corruption

Anti-corruption strategies

"Hopeless" strategies

Peoples Republic of China

Indonesia

Bangladesh

Ineffective strategies

The Philippines

South Korea

Thailand

Effective Strategy

Lessons from Singapore

Reducing opportunities for corruption

Reducing incentives for corruption

 

POLITICS OF PREFERENCE: LESSONS FROM INDIA, UNITED STATES AND SOUTH AFRICA

Case for and against AA

Policy initiatives

Politics of preference

An assessment

 

INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES INVOLVING ETHICS AND JUSTICE

Approaches to ethics: justification and adjudication

Approaches to ethics: content

Ethics and the idea of community

Levels of ethics: personal, professional, institutional, global

Justice and its elements

Sustainability and development

 

ETHICS FUNDAMENTALS AND APPROACHES TO ETHICS

Ethical Egoism

The Contract Theory of Hobbes

Utilitarianism

Pragmatism

The Theory of Aristotle

The Theory of Kant

Confucianism

Existentialism

 

SURVIVAL, SOCIETY, AND ETHICS IN HUMAN EVOLUTION

Humans Evolving

The Hypothetical Biological Human

Real Humans and Their Evolutionary Strategy

Society and CultureThe Life-Support System

The Learning Trap

Language

Society, Culture, and Reality

A Multiplicity of Realities

Construing Others Construction of Reality

The Constraints of the Social Construction of Reality

Rules

The Authority for Rules

 

SOCIETY, ETHICS, AND THE ANTHROPOLOGIST

The Unity of Humankind

The Sanctity of Society

Reciprocity

The Circle of Preservation

Proto-Ethics

Extensions of Identity

Ethical Style in Small-Scale Societies

Ethics and the Anthropologist

Learning and Finding

Privacy and Intrusion

Ethical Discomfort and Conflicts

Codes of Practice

 

CULTURAL RELATIVISM

Descriptive Cultural Relativism

Autonomy-Oriented versus Community-Oriented Cultures

Attunement versus Prediction and Control

Charity in Interpreting Cultural Difference

Epistemological Cultural Relativism

General versus Domain-Specific Epistemological Relativism

Cognitive versus Non-Cognitive Versions of Ethics Specific Relativism

Objections to Epistemological Relativism Based on Ethical Similarities

Objections Based on the Possibility of Criticism of Ethical Codes

Normative Cultural Relativism

Differences in the Way Normative Relativism Is Conceived and Derived

Balancing Non-Intervention with Other Values

Cultural Relativism and Human Rights

 

CONSEQUENTIALISM

The Character of Consequentialism

The Structure of Consequentialism

Some Consequentialist Theories

Objections to Consequentialism

Prospects for Future Development

 

RIGHTS

Who or What Can Possess a Right?

What Can Be the Content of a Right? What Sort of Things Are There Rights To?

Rights and Justice

The Roots of RightsSocial Construct or an Essential Moral Concept?

Critics of Rights

Conflicts of Rights

Environmental Rights and Duties

Justifying Rights

 

VIRTUES

Philosophical Background

Basic Normative Virtue Ethics

Familiar Virtues and Vices

New Virtues?

The Future

 

COMMUNITARIAN VALUES

Community and the Common Good

Community

Common Good

The Communitarian Critique of Liberalism

A Defective View of the Person

Liberal Universalism

The Neglected Value of Community

Consequences for Politics

State Neutrality

Individual Rights

Policies

 

PERSPECTIVES ON ETHICS

Human Actions as Subject to Ethical Obligations

The Source and Construction of Ethical Obligations

What Other Entities Deserve Our Ethical Recognition?

Questions of the Good Life and Questions of Genuine Ethics

Three Zones of Political Justice

The Individual Zone

The Political Zone

The Relative Zone

Sustainable Development

Sustainable Development and Different Sorts of Ethics

 

PERSONAL ETHICS

Personal Ethics as Moral Commitment

Personal Ethics as a Challenge to the Universalization Principle

Personal Ethics as Exercising Virtues

Virtues and Community: A Modern Reformulation of Ethics of Virtue

 

THE PHILOSOPHY OF PROFESSIONAL ETHICS

Three Types of Professional Ethics

Sociological Foundations

Goals of Professional Work and Their Problems

Normative and Evaluative Elements in Professional Work

Duty and Obligation

Professional Rights

Virtues in Professional Life

Engineering Ethics

The Service Ideal of Engineering

The Principle of Double Loyalties

Progress and Rationality in Engineering Ethics

The Technological System and Its Main Characteristics

The Future of Engineering Ethics

 

INSTITUTIONAL ETHICS

The Institution as a Moral Agent

Indications That Institutions Should Be Considered Moral Agents

Institutional Agent Properties

Intent and Decision Making within Institutions

Institutions May Dissolve and Evade Responsibility

The Moral Importance of InstitutionsImpact

Individuals Fulfilling Moral Obligations Through Institutions

Moral Records and the Grounds for Blaming

Institutionalizing Institutional Responsibility

Ethical Misconduct and Institutional LoyaltyWhistle Blowing

Institutional Ethics and Ethical Platforms

Institutional Behavior, Moral, and Non-Moral MotivesPrudence

Impact on a Collective and on an Individual Level

Impact and Future Generations

Knowledge and ResponsibilitySagesse Oblige

Knowledge and Application of Knowledge

InstitutionsRelevant and Irrelevant Types

Governments, Nations

Nongovernmental Organizations

The Business Community

 

GLOBAL ETHICS

The Role of Global Ethics

The Implications of a Particular Global Ethic

Whose Needs? The Relevance of Non-Humans

What Needs?

Dimensions of Global Security

A Sketch of a Global Ethic

The Idea of a Global Ethic

Moral and Institutional Cosmopolitanism

Cosmopolitanism in International Relations Theory

Arguments against a Cosmopolitan Ethic for Individuals

Relativism

Communitarianism

Three Types of Normative International Relations Theory

Skeptical Realism

Internationalism

Objections to Non-Cosmopolitan Theories

Comparison with the Encyclopedias Goals

Varieties of Cosmopolitanism/Global Ethics

Kantianism

Human Rights Theories

Other Theories and the Challenge of Non-Anthropocentric Values

 

JUSTICE ESSENTIALS

What is Justice?

The Elements of Justice

The Elements of Rights: Hohfelds Classic Analysis

The Elements of Justice and Theories of Justice

Doubts About Essentialist Definitions

Theories of Justice

Justice as Rational Agreements for Mutual Benefit

Hobbes Theory

Neo-Hobbesian Theory: Justice as Rational Mutual Advantage

The Prisoners Dilemma

Justice as Mutual Gain

Lockean Justice

Desert, Merit and Distributive Justice

Justice and Contributions to the Common Good

Civil Justice and Facilitatory Social Justice

Justice as Fairness

Egalitarian Justice

Fundamental Equality

Equal Welfare

Equal Satisfaction of Needs

Equal Resources

Basic Capability Equality and Needs

 

ECONOMIC JUSTICE

Robert Nozick

John Rawls

Michael Walzer

Analytical Marxism

Sustainability

 

CULTURAL JUSTICE

Justice as Cultural

Justice between Cultures

Rights for Groups, or Only for Individuals?

Group Rights and Affirmative Action

Group Rights and Cultural Difference

Cultural Justice and Colonial Societies

Cultural Justice and Citizenship

What Rights Do Cultural Groups Need? Critiques of Differential Cultural Rights

Cultural Justice and Non-Ethnic Cultural Minorities

Culture, Justice, and Globalization

 

INTERGENERATIONAL JUSTICE

Moral Sensibility for Unborn Generations

Future Generations Are Disadvantaged

Degradation in the Quality of Environmental and Cultural Life

Conserving the Common Heritage for Future Generations

A "Guardian" for Future Generations

Rawls "Just Saving Principle" and Future Generations

The Relational Theory of Intergenerational Justice

 

ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE

Varieties of Justice

Distributive Environmental Justice for Humans

Justice for Future Generations

Interspecies Justice

Prejudice and Injustice

Minimalist Methodologies of Closure

Regan, Rights, and Vegetarian Justice

Anthropocentrism, Justice, and the Othering of Nature

Radical Exclusion

Homogenization/Stereotyping

Backgrounding, Denial

Incorporation

Instrumentalism

Othering as an Impediment to Justice

Counter-Hegemonic Virtues

 

RECTIFICATORY JUSTICE: RIGHTING PAST WRONGS

Means and Ends

Cross-Cultural Goals

Truth

Public Platform for Victims

Accountability and Punishment

Rule of Law

Compensation to Victims

Institutional Reform and Long-Term Development

Reconciliation

Public Deliberation

Placing Goals and Tools in Context

 

ETHICS AND JUSTICE NEEDS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Sustainable Development, Environmentalisms, and Justice