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| ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES |
GLOBAL SECURITY
Cold War Approaches to Security
Post-Cold War Approaches: Re-thinking Security
Post 9/11 era: Return of the ‘global’
GLOBAL SECURITY AND THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM
The United Nations and Political Violence
The United Nations and Terrorism
The United Nations and Nuclear Proliferation
THE REGIONAL DIMENSION OF GLOBAL SECURITY
The Regionalization of Security
Regional Security Institutions: an overview
The United Nations and Regional Security
THE NATIONAL DIMENSION OF GLOBAL SECURITY
Creating World Order to Protect States
The Post-World War II International Order: The United Nations System
From National Security to Global Security, Global Security to Human Security
National Security, Sovereignty and the Use of Force
THE SOCIETAL DIMENSION OF GLOBAL SECURITY
State Security and Societal Security
The HCNM and Minority Rights: Romania in the 1990s
THE HUMAN SECURITY AGENDA IN WORLD POLITICS
The UNDP’s Development-Centered Conception of Human Security
The Emergence of the Security/Development Nexus
Human Security and the War on Terror
The Ambiguity of Human Security
HISTORY OF EMPIRES AND CONFLICTS
THE MYTH OF THE CLASH OF CIVILIZATIONS IN DIALOGICAL-HISTORICAL CONTEXT
The Challenge to Eurocentrism and the Discourse of the Clash of Civilizations
Non-Eurocentric World History/Historical Sociology as an Alternative to the Clash of Civilizations
Conclusion: A Non-Eurocentric Alternative to the Clash of Civilizations Discourse
CAUSES AND PREVENTION OF ARMED CONFLICT
Relationship between Intra-state and Inter-state Conflict
INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT POLICIES AND GLOBAL SECURITY
Rise of Modernisation Theories
Western Cultural Ambivalence towards Modernity
New International Economic Order or Sustainable development
From Structural Adjustment to Wellbeing
Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper and Governance State
From National Development to Human Security
Conclusion: Future Development Directions and Debates
THE ENVIRONMENT AND GLOBAL SECURITY
Environmental Change on the Global Political Agenda
Approaches to Environment and Security
The Future of Environmental Security
POLITICAL ECONOMY OF INTERNATIONAL SECURITY
Challenges to liberalism 1: National Political Economy
Challenges to liberalism 2: Marxian Political Economy
Classical Theories of Imperialism
Classical Political Realism: Critique of the Harmony of Interests Thesis
Keynes on the Conditions of International Peace
Theories of Hegemonic Stability and the Neoliberal Possibility of Non-Hegemonic Cooperation
The Rise and Hegemony of Neoliberalism
Conclusions: Global Governance in the 21st Century
THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS, 2007-08: ORIGINS, NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES
Should We Blame The Borrowers?
A Theory of Recurrent Financial Crises
The Process of Liquidity Recycling
The Central Role of Banks in Credit Expansion
The Incentive to Increase Leverage
The Paucity of Regulatory Capital Requirements
The move into Residential Mortgages
Arbitrage Opportunities, Layers of Products and Increasing Leverage
Vulnerability through Interconnection, Leverage and Maturity Mismatch
Consequences of the Financial Crisis
PHILOSOPHY AND WORLD PROBLEMS - WHAT IS GOOD? WHAT IS BAD? - THE VALUE OF ALL VALUES THROUGH TIME, PLACE AND THEORIES
The Transcultural Idea: Good as Happiness and Bad as Pain
Natural Good and Evil: Beyond Fitness to Survive
Traditions as Moral Anchor in an Age of Criterionless Relativism
The Primary Axiom and The Life-Value Compass
Good and Evil Within: Opening The Terra Incognita Of The Felt Side Of Being
The Value Field of Action: Reconciling Humanity and the Beast
The Lost Social Subject: Evaluating the Rules by Which We Live
Deep Principles of Justice Grounding in Life-Value Meaning
The Unseen Global War of Rights Systems and Its Principles of Resolution
Human Identity and the Meaning of Life
WESTERN PHILOSOPHY AND THE LIFE-GROUND
The Life-Ground in Western Philosophy Via Negativa
The Life-ground in Western Philosophy Via Positiva
LIFE RESPONSIBILITY VERSUS MECHANICAL REDUCTIONISM: WESTERN WORLD-VIEWS OF NATURE FROM PANTHEISM TO POSITIVISM
The modern Western idea of ‘the natural world’
The Biblical view of the world
Ancient Greek science and philosophy
The impact of the ‘mechanistic’ universe of Newtonian science
The distinctiveness of life and some recent developments
THE EMBODIED GOOD LIFE: FROM ARISTOTLE TO LIFE - GROUND ETHICS
Aristotle: Human Capabilities and Social Hierarchy
Marx: The Socio-economic Grounds of Embodied Freedom
Friedrich Nietzsche: Life as Predation
Herbert Marcuse: The Embodied Foundation of Morality
Theodore Adorno: The Unbearable Hardness of Being
Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum: Human Capabilities and Global Justice
VISIONS OF UNIVERSAL IDENTITY IN WORLD RELIGIONS: FROM LIFE-INCOHERENT TO LIFE-GROUNDED SPIRITUALITY
Understanding False Religion across History and Cultures
From Life Sacrifice for Selfish Gain to Sustainment of the Great Round
The Animating Breath of Life: The Unseen Common Ground of the Spiritual as Real
Sacrificing Self to Enable Life across Divisions: The Ancient Spiritual Vision
What Is the I that Has a Body? Rational Explanation of the Infinite Consciousness Within
Counter-Argument: How Analytic Philosophy and Science Explain Away Inner Life
From the Soul of the Upanisads to the Ecology of Universal Life Identity
Reconnecting Heaven to Earth: The Inner-Outer Infinite of Spiritual Comprehension
Re-Grounding Spirituality: From the Light-Fields to Universal Life Necessities
Redeeming the World: Bhagavad-gita and its Moral Code of Embodied Action
Spirit Infuses the Material Mould: Aurobindos Integral Yoga and Theory of Evolution
Universal Life Needs as the Lost Life-Ground of World Religion
MODES OF REASON
LOGIC, PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE AND THE QUALITY OF LIFE
THE PARADIGM WARS: COMPETING MODELS OF UNDERSTANDING
The Possibility of Understanding
Theory-Methodology Interaction
THE LOGIC OF NATURAL LANGUAGE
What Is "The Logic of Natural Language"?
Logical Norms for Natural Language Arguments
Fallacies and Argument(ation) Schemes
Conclusion: Logic and World Problems
WHY NOT SOCIALISM?
The Principles Realised on The Camping Trip
Is the Ideal Feasible? Are the Obstacles to it Human Selfishness, or Poor Social Technology?
PHILOSOPHY, HUMAN NATURE, AND SOCIETY
The Divine Grounds of Social Hierarchy: Greek Metaphysics
Medieval Christian Metaphysics and Moral Philosophy: Aquinas
Divine Indifference and Human Power: Spinoza
Social Freedom as a Historical Project: Kant, Hegel, Marx
The Unifying Principle of Critical Social Philosophy
HUMAN NATURE FROM A LIFE-GROUNDED PERSPECTIVE
The Philosophical Development of a Life-Grounded Conception of Human Nature
The Deconstruction of Essentialist Concepts of Human Nature
Human Nature From a Life-Grounded Perspective
LIFE-BLIND LIBERALISM AND LIFE-GROUNDED DEMOCRACY
Conceptual Framework: Value Systems and Grounds of Social Morality
Property Rights versus Needs in the Development of Liberal Capitalism
What Liberal Democracy Leaves Out
The Biocidal Essence of Capitalist Globalization
ENVIRONMENTAL PHILOSOPHY AND ITS ONTO-ETHICAL PROBLEMS: ANCIENT, MEDIEVAL AND CONTEMPORARY WORLD-VIEWS
Classical Views of Nature and Human Nature: A Hierarchy of Limits
Divine Rationality and Man in Medieval Thought: The Re-Maker Turn
Nominalism and the Transition to a Modern Conception of Nature
Nature and Human Nature in Early Modern Thought
Humanitys Modern, Creative Self-Conception
Nature as Instrument, Knowledge as Power
The Modern, Efficient Conception of Nature
Nature, Human Nature and the Techno-Scientific Enterprise
The Plasticity of Nature and Necessity of Culture: The New Ironic Reality
The Three Dogmas and the Problem of Environmental Reform
Ecological, Biological, Cultural and Social Time
Rethinking the Techno-Scientific Enterprise
HUMAN RIGHTS AND GLOBAL LIFE-SUPPORT SYSTEMS
The Essential Ambiguity of the Idea of ‘Right’
The Development and Ethical Foundations of Human Rights
The Political Economic Foundations of Human Rights
Distinguishing Rights From Universal Life Requirements
WHAT IS THE GOOD? VALUE THEORIES EAST AND WEST
THE GLOBAL CRISIS OF VALUES: THE POVERTY OF MORAL PHILOSOPHY
The Poverty of Moral Philosophy
Getting Along Without Positive Philosophical Views
SOCIOLOGY
DEMOGRAPHY: THE PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE
Demography as a Discipline of Science
Historical Evolution of Demography and Population Theories
Demographic Data Sources and Recent Progress
Challenges and Future Perspectives Of Demography
Concluding Remarks: Demography Will Be More Interdisciplinary
HISTORICAL DEMOGRAPHY
The Development of Historical Demography
Concluding Remarks: Historical Demography at the Beginning of the Twenty-first Century
DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITIONS
The First Demographic Transition (FDT) and its precursors
The Second Demographic Transition (SDT) and its precursors
A schematic representation of the two transitions
Explaining the First Demographic Transition
Explaining the Second Demographic Transition
FERTILITY TRENDS AND IMPLICATIONS
Fertility Trends: Past and Present
Looking Forward: The Future of Low Fertility
SEXUAL BEHAVIOR AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
Effects of Health on Sexual Behavior
Effects of Sexual Behavior on Reproductive Health
FAMILY PLANNING AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
Family Planning: Levels and Trends in the Use of Contraceptive Methods
Reversible Contraceptive Methods: Discontinuation and Switching
Family Planning and Induced Abortion
Family planning in the era of HIV/AIDS
Family Planning and Reproductive Health
MORTALITY PATTERNS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS
The Variety of Situations Today
The Stages of Health Transition
What Assumptions for the Future?
Is There any Limit to Life Expectancy Growth?
SEX AND SEX STRUCTURE
The Importance of Sex and Sex Structure for Demography
The Conceptualization, Definition and Classification of Sex
Sex Structure and the Labor Force
ANTHROPOLOGICAL DEMOGRAPHY
Demography turns to Anthropology
Theoretical Challenges: Culture and Gender as Institutions
Methodological Challenges: Combining Fieldwork and Statistical Approaches
Empirical Research in Anthropological Demography
HEALTH AND DEMOGRAPHY
Introduction: The overlap between Health and Demography
Health Data: The Different Concepts of Health and the Main Classifications
Health survey: Study Design and Data Collection Methods
Population Health Indicators: Basic Indicators and Summary Measures
ECONOMIC DEMOGRAPHY
The Classical Malthusian World
Marriage and the Modern Family
Population Dynamics and Cycles
APPLIED DEMOGRAPHY: ITS BUSINESS AND PUBLIC SECTOR COMPONENTS
Business and Public Sector Demography
DEMOGRAPHY OF AGING
Global Ageing: An Overview of Major Trends in Developed and Developing World
Rapid Populations Ageing in Developing World
Demographics of Ageing: Major Determinants
Changing Family Structure, Status of Women and Feminization of Aging
Problems and Needs of Aging Population
Financial and Fiscal Policies for Older Persons
Foreign Assistance and the Role of Civil Society
Growing Concerns for Public Policy in Developing Countries
BIOLOGICAL DEMOGRAPHY
General Biological Demographic Principles
An Emerging Biological-Demographic Paradigm
FAMILY AND HOUSEHOLD DEMOGRAPHY
Conceptual and Measurement Issues
Profile and Major Trends in Households
DEMOGRAPHIC MODELS AND ACTUARIAL SCIENCE
MULTISTATE DEMOGRAPHY
The Multistate Projection Model
Applications of Multistate Demography
Bridging the Micro- and Macro-Simulation Models - Recent Development of Multistate Demography
MATHEMATICAL DEMOGRAPHY
Measures of Longevity in the Life Table
Decomposition Methods in Demography
Extensions of the Basic Relations in Stable Population
Indirect Estimation and Evaluation of Data
URBANIZATION AND ITS CONSEQUENCES
Important Dimensions of Urbanization
POPULATION GEOGRAPHY
Population Geography and Contemporary Spatial Demography
Methods of Population Geography
Themes of population geography
Challenges and future directions
POPULATION, NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT
Population and Food Availability
Population and Land Use Cover Change
Population and Water Resources
Population, Energy and Climate Change
POPULATION POLICY
Population control in traditional societies
Rationale for population policy
Population policy in the liberal state
Population policy between the World Wars
International population policy after World War II
Population policy in response to below-replacement fertility
POPULATION PROJECTIONS AND WORLD POPULATION TRENDS
Population and food availability
Population and Land Use Cover Change
Population and Water Resources
Population, energy and climate change
ARCHAEOLOGY
Doing Fieldwork in Archaeology
The Archaeology of Human Life Support Systems
Preserving the Past for The future
FOUNDATIONS OF ARCHAEOLOGY
Methodological Foundations of Archaeology
THE HISTORY OF ARCHAEOLOGY
Writing the History of Archaeology
The Fragmentary Nature of the Archaeological Record
Foundations of Archaeological Inquiry
Foundations of Archaeology in The New World
THEORY IN ARCHAEOLOGY
Fifty Years of Theory in Euro-American Archaeology: Historical Background
Theory in Twenty-First Century Archaeology
ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELDWORK
Theory Revisited: Reproducibility
Future Trends and Perspectives
DATING AND CHRONOLOGY BUILDING
CLASSIFICATION AND TYPOLOGY
Artifact Classifications and Types
Problems and Controversies: The "Typological Debate"
RECONSTRUCTING ENVIRONMENTS
Orbital Driven Climatic Change
Other Cause of Climatic Change
Climate Change and Human Culture
Human-Induced Environmental Change
THE ANALYSIS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL MATERIALS
Historical Aspects, Foundations, Policy, and Professional Practice
Aims and Approaches of Materials Analysis in Archaeology
Future Trends and Perspectives
TEXT-AIDED ARCHAEOLOGY
Texts and historical archaeology
Culture History, Processual, and Postprocessual Archaeology
Examples of Text-Aided Archaeology
Text-Aided Prehistoric/Protohistoric Archaeology
LANDSCAPE ARCHAEOLOGY
The Concept of Landscape: Past and Present
Sites and Monuments in the Context of Landscape
The Main Fields Concerned with Understanding Landscape Archetypes
Non-Destructiveness and Future Developments in Landscape Archaeology
UNDERWATER ARCHAEOLOGY
Methodology, Techniques, and Equipment
Publications, Organizations, and Conferences
INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY
Industrial Associations and Learned Societies
IA and the UNESCO World Heritage List
SOCIAL ARCHAEOLOGY
Early Historical Development: Practitioners and Their Concerns
Social Organization: Intangible but Tractable?
The Socio-Politics of Archaeology
Social Agency, Social Reproduction, and the Individual in Society
THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF MEANING
The Meaningfulness of the Past in the Present
THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS
THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF FORAGERS
The Rise of Hunting and Gathering
Are Foragers Natural Conservationists?
The Nature of a Foraging Lifeway Today
Does Foraging have a Role in the Twenty-first Century?
THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF FARMING SYSTEMS
The Archaeological Study of Farming
The History of Farming Around the World
THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS
ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE MODERN WORLD
The Strategy of Modern World Archaeology
The Archaeology of Global Migrations in the Modern World
The Archaeology of Industrialism
The Archaeology of Climatic Change in the Modern World
THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF EURASIAN NOMADS
The Origin of Eurasian Nomadism
The Earliest Nomads of the Western Eurasian Steppes
The Earliest Nomads and Cattle-breeders of the Eastern Eurasian Steppes
The Earliest Nomadic Empires in Central Asia
The Earliest Nomadic States in the Siberia and Altay
The Earliest Nomadic States in the European Steppes
The Nomads of the European Steppes in the Middle Ages
The Nomads of the Golden Horde
PHYSICAL AND CULTURAL PROPERTIES OF ANCIENT WATER MANAGEMENT
Societal Use of the Water Resource
Social Costs of Water Management
A FRAMEWORK FOR ARCHAEOLOGY AND SUSTAINABILITY
Change, Complexity, and Sustainability
Archaeological Studies in Unsustainability
Summary and Evaluation: The Maya and Cahokia Collapses
Sustainability, Archaeology, and Historical Science
WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE
THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF AFRICA
Acheulean Foragers and the dispersal of Homo sp
Middle Stone Age Hunter-gatherers and the Emergence of Modern Humans
Late Pleistocene Specialized Foragers
From Foragers to Food-Producers
The Advent and Spread of Metallurgy
ARCHAEOLOGY OF SOUTH AMERICA
Plant and Animal Domestication: the Evolution of Agriculture
ARCHAEOLOGY OF NORTH AMERICA
Regional Adaptations after 0CE
THE MEDITERRANEAN
ARCHAEOLOGY OF EUROPE
The Practice of Archaeology in Europe
The Pre- and Protohistory of Europe
THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF EAST ASIA
Earliest Humans in Eastern Asia
Two-culture Theory of the Paleolithic World
Appearance of Homo sapiens and the Late Palaeolithic Tool Kit
End of the Ice Age and Adaptation to the Changing Environment
Sedentary Foragers of the Temperate Forests
Development of Neolithic Societies in China
Rise of Civilizations and States in China
Chiefdoms and Early States of Korea and Japan in the East Asian Interaction Sphere
Social Context of Archaeology and Heritage Protection in East Asia
THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF WESTERN ASIA
Earliest Human Movements and Lifeways in Western Asia
The Empires of Anatolia and the Near East
The Empires of Central and South Asia
THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF OCEANIA
PRESERVING ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES AND MONUMENTS
Protection of Archaeological Sites and Monuments in 2000
Threats to the Archaeological Heritage
The Future of the Archaeological Heritage
THE ROLE OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETIES IN PRESERVING CULTURAL MEMORIALS
Heritage, Nationalism, and the Beginnings of Archaeological Societies
Archaeological Organizations at the Global Level
Recent Changes and Current Objectives
THE ROLE OF MUSEUMS
Categories of Archaeological Museum
The Museum’s Place in Preservation Philosophy
The Role of Museums in Preserving Sites in situ
The Role of the Museum in ex situ Preservation
The Role of Archaeological Museums in Public Education and Involvement
PRESERVATION LAWS AND POLICIES
Introduction: Environmental Assessment, Sustainable Development, and Historic Preservation Laws
The Evolution of Historic Preservation Laws
When is it "Appropriate" to Consider Impacts on Historic Properties?
Managing Historic Properties Subject to Effect
High-Profile Site Management and National Laws
International Standards and National Laws
Historic Preservation in Sustainable Development: A Basic Approach
RESCUE ARCHAEOLOGY
Prerequisites for Rescue Archaeology
The Development of Rescue Archaeology
Concepts and Values Used in Rescue Archaeology
Rescue Archaeology versus Academic ArchaeologyDifferences and Similarities
The Legal Framework and the Administrative Framework of Rescue ArchaeologySome Examples
The Working Process in Rescue Archaeology
Rescue Archaeology Beyond 2000
PALAEOPATHOLOGY: STUDYING THE ORIGIN, EVOLUTION AND FREQUENCY OF DISEASE IN HUMAN REMAINS FROM ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES
Palaeopathology: The Discipline and How It Is Studied
Specific Examples of Current Research in the Field
Controversial Areas in Palaeopathology
THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIOLOGY: SOCIOLOGICAL TRADITIONS
The "Sociological Imagination": Popular Faces of Sociology
Classifications of Social Reality
‘Lay’ and Disciplinary Sociologies
The Nature and Scope of Sociology
Types of Tradition and Their Roles
Pre-disciplinary Traditions of Social Theory
‘Mainstream’ National traditions of Sociology
Contemporary Sociological Traditions
Non-theoretical Sociological Traditions
Non-Western Traditions and Non-Western Sociologies
The Dynamics of Traditions: A Sociology of Sociology/ical Change
THE SOCIOLOGY OF ADDICTION
The Scope of the Field: Addictive and Non-Addictive Substances
Theoretical Perspectives and Research Methods in the Sociology of Addiction
Studies of Careers in Drug and Alcohol Use and Abuse
Studies of Drug and Alcohol Subcultures and Specific Populations
Studies of Social Control Efforts
Research on Punitive Responses to Drug and Alcohol Use and Abuse
Studies of Rehabilitation Programs
THE DEEP QUESTIONS: STRUCTURE/AGENCY, MICRO/MACRO AND TIME/SPACE
Structure and Agency: Accounting for Institutions
PHILOSOPHIES OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES
Vicissitudes of the Philosophy of Social Science
Contemporary Philosophies of Social Science
INTERACTION OF THEORY AND METHOD IN SOCIAL SCIENCE
VARIETIES OF SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIZING
Stage Model Evolutionary Theorizing
Micro-level Theorizing on Interpersonal Processes
Problems in Developing Scientific Sociological Theory in the 21st Century
Prospects for Scientific Theorizing in the 21st Century
LIFE COURSE DYNAMICS
Social Change and the Life Course
Life Course Dynamics as a Psychosocial Process
RATIONAL CHOICE AND SOCIOLOGY
The Classical Critiques of Rational Utilitarianism
Key Concepts of Rational Choice Theory
Sociological Adaptations of Rational Choice
James Coleman’s Foundations of Social Theory and His Critics
Smelser's Contribution: The Logic Of Ambivalence
Rational Choice and the Multi-Paradigmatic Character of Sociology
SOCIOLOGY OF EMOTIONS
Concluding Remarks: The Rise of Economic Sociology
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
Other Research and Theoretical Approaches
Prospects for the 21st Century
SOCIOBIOLOGY AND SOCIOLOGY
Sociobiology and Evolution by Natural Selection
Sociobiological versus Sociological Views of Human Nature
Evolutionary Foundations and Transformations of Human Groups and Societies
Analyzing Basic Sociological Topics in an Evolutionary Key
EXISTENTIAL SOCIOLOGY
Criticisms of Existential Sociology
SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS
Two perspectives: overall and local network structure
ECONOMIC SOCIOLOGY: ITS HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT
Concluding Remarks: The Rise of Economic Sociology
CULTURAL SOCIOLOGY
Key Developments in Cultural Analysis
Toward Multi-Sited Cultural Analysis
POWER AND THE STATE
Counteraction and Pressure Within the State
Studying Power and State Elites
ORGANISATIONAL SOCIOLOGY
Neo-Weberian Studies of Bureaucracy
Comparative Organization Studies
Newer USA Organizational Sociological Theories
Organizations-in-Society Approach
FEMINIST SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY
Feminism and Feminist Sociology in the Post-War Era
Feminist Sociology in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s: "The Second Wave"
Explaining Gender Differences and Gender Inequality
The Changing Face of Feminist Sociologies
SOCIOLOGY’S ‘OTHER’: THE DEBATES ON EUROPEAN UNIVERSALS
Constructing Indigenous Sociologies: The Indian and African Experiences
The Binaries of Modernity – European Sociology as Power
The Debate About Multiple Modernities: Does It Transcend Eurocentrism?
BEYOND EVOLUTION AND HISTORICISM: CULTURAL FORMS OF MODERNITY
Paradigm-shifts and Renovations in Social-Cultural Determination
Configurations of Modernity and Civilizational Forms
STRUCTURATION THEORIES
The Problem of Structuration: Structure and Process
Against Subject-Object Dualism: Bourdieu and Giddens
Analytical Dualism: Archer’s Morphogenetic Approach
Theorising the Structuration Process. Beyond Duality versus Dualism
HISTORICAL SOCIOLOGY: DEVELOPMENT AND REORIENTION
Classical Historical Sociology
Post-Classical Historical Sociology
The Influence of Social History
The Consequences of the Cultural Turn
Post-Disciplinary Historical Sociology
CONSUMER SOCIETY
Introduction: Consumer Society
The reality of Consumer Choice
Consumer Choices in the Public Sphere
On the Consequences of Consumerism
Consumerism and the Problem of Waste
Global consumption: Issues of Distribution
Concluding Remarks: Critical Responses and Reactions to the Consequences of Consumerism
THE DEPENDENCY AND WORLD-SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVES ON DEVELOPMENT
The Intellectual Heritage of Dependency Theory
Frank: The Development of Underdevelopment
Dos Santos: The Structure of Dependence
Policy Implications of the Dependency School
A Critique of the Dependency Perspective
The Historical Context of the World- Systems Perspective
An Example of Key Concepts: Semi-periphery
Another Example of World-Systems Studies: Long Waves of Colonialism
Criticisms of the World-Systems Perspective
World-Systems Research Projects
THE SUBPRIME CRISIS AND GLOBAL FINANCE: A SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
A New Global Target Population for Wholesale Finance
Financial Deepening and the Potential for Growth
The Maldistribution of Subprime Mortgages
Rolling Spillover and Network Effects: No Sector or Country Escapes
THEORIES OF THE INFORMATION AGE
The Origins Of Information/Knowledge Age
Knowledge Society Predecessors
The Power Of Knowledge And Information
In What Kind Of Society Do We Live?
PSYCHOLOGY
The Birth of Psychology: Precursors
Wundt and Structuralist Psychology
Structuralism in the United States
Psychology Seen Through Its Methodological Approaches
Educational and School Psychology
Organizational and Work Psychology
BRANCHES OF PSYCHOLOGY
A Quick Overview of the Branches of Psychology
Ethical Issues Across the Branches of Psychology
Branches of Psychology Pertinent to Sustainable Development
Relationship of Psychology to Other Disciplines
Public Policy Considerations and Future Contributions
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY: A NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON ORIGINS, CONTEMPORARY PRACTICE, AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
Historical Foundations of Clinical Psychology
Antecedents of Contemporary Clinical Psychology
Contemporary Clinical Psychology: 1975–2000
Clinical Psychology: The Future
HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY: PREVENTION OF DISEASE AND ILLNESS; MAINTENANCE OF HEALTH
The Five Pillars of Health and Disease
Emotions, Beliefs, and Behaviors
The Future of Health Psychology
COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
High-level Cognitive Activities
COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGY: FROM INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Psychology and Sustainable Development
Definitions of Counseling Psychology
Education, Training, Standards and Organizational Structures for Counseling Psychology
Contexts for Counseling Psychology's Global Development
Counseling Psychology's Potential Contributions to Global Sustainability
DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
Schools of Developmental Psychology
The Future of Developmental Psychology
EDUCATIONAL AND SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY: TWO SIDES OF THE SAME COIN?
School and Educational Psychology
WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
Thinking, and Thinking in Order to Believe
Knowing, and Knowing in Order to Operate
Organizing, and Organizing Oneself
Choosing, and Choosing One's Own Life
Planning, and Planning Well-Being
Well-Being, and Well-Being at Work
ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
DYNAMIC PSYCHOLOGY
The Main Concepts of Dynamic Psychology
PSYCHOANALYSIS
ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY
The Phase of Archetypes and of Collective Unconscious
The Search for a New Theoretical and Cultural Synthesis
Jung's Model of the Psyche and the Individuation Process
Developments of Jung's Thought
SYSTEMIC PSYCHOLOGY
Family Therapies and Systemic Approaches
Clinical Issues and Specific Techniques.
Evolving Psychotherapeutic Models
PSYCHODYNAMICS OF GROUP RELATIONSHIPS
Relationship to Other Perspectives
PSYCHOLOGY OF RELIGION AND CULTURE
Religion as (Not Only) a Quest for Meaning
Religion as the Strengthening of Self-Control
Religion as Nostalgia for Unity and for Return to the "Maternal Breast"
Religion as Paternal Protection and as a working out of Parental Relationships
Religion as an Extension of the Altruistic Imperative
PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACHES TO ART AND ESTHETICS
The Analysis of Works of Art. The Unconscious and Language
The Analysis of Creative Activity. Psychoanalysis as a Creative Experience
The Experience of Beauty and Unsettling Estheticism?
The Psychoanalytical Experience as an Esthetic Experience
METHODS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH
The Confluence of Issues from Different Domains
An Overview of Research Methods
Reasons for the Multiplicity of Methods
INTERVIEWING AND OBSERVATION
EXPERIMENTATION IN PSYCHOLOGY - RATIONALE, CONCEPTS, AND ISSUES
The Theory-Corroboration Experiment
Criticisms of Experimental Psychology Revisited
QUASI-EXPERIMENTATION
Experimentation and Quasi-Experimentation
Theory of Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs
Statistical Analysis and Quasi-Experimental Design
THE CONSTRUCTION AND USE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS AND MEASURES
Psychological Tests and Measures
Do the Items Measure Just One Latent Variable?
How Much of the Observed Variation Is True Variation and How Precisely Do the Items Measure?
Validity Theory with an Eye Toward Measurement Practice
STATISTICS AND ITS ROLE IN PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH
Bridging Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
Effect Size and Statistical Power
ETHICAL AND LEGAL MATTERS
ANIMALS AS MODELS OR ANALOGS
Objections to Research in Non-Human Animals
Animal Research in the Life Sciences
Research Involving Animals Raised in Controlled Conditions
Research Involving Animals in Naturalistic Settings
EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Of Human Successes and Failures
Strengths and Limits of Human Information Processing
ATTENTION, PERCEPTION AND MEMORY
THINKING AND PROBLEM SOLVING
Methodological Approaches to Studying Complex Problem Solving
Complex Problem Solving: Historical Roots and Current Situation
EMOTIONS AND HUMAN HEALTH
NEUROBIOLOGICAL BASES FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTIONING
PSYCHOLOGY OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO TEMPERAMENT
The Concept of Individual Differences and Main Categories to Describe Them
Temperament as a Component of Personality
The Functional Significance of Temperament
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF COMMUNICATION
Nosography of communication disturbances
Problematic aspects of the communication process
Psychological aspects associated with Problems of Communication
Psycho-pathological problems and communication
DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY: MAIN PROBLEMS AND MODERN TENDENCIES
Introduction: Multiple Theories of Human Psychological Development
One Possible Integrated Theoretical Model of Psychological Development
New Concepts about the Functions of the Social Environment
The Child-Parent Process of Adaptation
DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHODYNAMICS
The Attachment Relationship and Individual Development of Psychological Awareness
Child Pathogenic Beliefs as "Silent" Risk Factors in Inhibiting Normal Development
Children's Vulnerability versus Invulnerability to Traumatic Life Events
The Influence of Unconscious Mental Operations on Children's Verbalizations and Surface Behavior
PSYCHO-GENETICS AND GENETIC INFLUENCES ON BEHAVIOR
Genetics and Psychiatric Disorders
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN
Cognitive Development and Caregivers
Brain Development and Cognition
THE DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY OF AGED PERSONS
Social Functioning in Late Life
THE IMPACT OF PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS ON DEVELOPMENT
Psychosocial Risk and Protective Factors
How Can We Promote Healthy Psychological Development?
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY: A TOPICAL REVIEW
Definition of Social Psychology
A Structure for Topics in Social Psychology
A Review of Social Psychology Topics
Applying Social Psychology: The Legacy of Social Psychology
THE SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF PERSONALITY
A Brief History of the Person-Situation Debate
SOCIAL INFLUENCE
Social Influence Mechanisms and Techniques
THE SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF SMALL GROUPS
Group Formation and Maintenance
The Influence of Groups on Individuals
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GROUPS
Expanding the Field: Types of Groups and Events Defining Relationships between Groups
Grapes of Wrath: Behaviors That Comprise the Relation between Groups
In the Eye of the Beholder: Intergroup Relations and Intergroup Perceptions
Improving the Relationship between Groups
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF LARGE GROUPS
What are Large Groups and How Can We Study Them?
Historical Approaches to Large Groups
Modern Theoretical Approaches to Large Groups
Imitation and Other Forms of Social Influence
JURIDICAL PSYCHOLOGY
The History of Juridical Psychology (with the collaboration of Antonietta Curci)
PSYCHOLOGY OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION AND INTERPERSONAL INTERACTION
Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication
Components and Patterns of Nonverbal Communication
Basic Determinants of Nonverbal Communication
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Nonverbal Communication, Goals, and Social Interaction
TENDENCIES AND PERSPECTIVES OF PSYCHOLOGY AS A SCIENCE AND AS A TECHNOLOGY
From "Being-Mind" to "Being-Time"
Logocentrism and Deconstruction in Psychology
A Scientific and a Technological Perspective
From Human Behavior to Human Performance
Knowledge and Achievements Securely Anchored
Customer- and Citizen-Oriented
Interest in Expanding and in Restricting Entry into the Field
Confidential Reports and Publishing Papers
Long-Term and Short-Term Projects
Achieving Results from Higher Education and Training
Generalizable Theories and Specific Models
Deontological Codes and Normative Standards
Subject Matter and Career Paths
Conventional Classroom and E-Learning
PSYCHOLOGY OF DIVERSITY
The Scope of the Psychology of Diversity
Two Examples of the Study of Diversity
CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY
How Do Migrants Adapt to a New Culture?
Individual Differences in Acculturation
Intercultural Sensibility and Competence
ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY FOR THE NEW MILLENNIUM: TOWARDS AN INTEGRATION OF CULTURAL AND TEMPORAL DYNAMICS
ECOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
The Psychological Tradition and the Ecological Perspective
Ecological Psychology and Environmental Psychology
POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY
First Studies in Political Psychology
The Relationship between Psychology and Politics
The Institutionalization of Political Psychology
Definitions and Meanings of Political Psychology
Areas of Research in Political Psychology
CYBERPSYCHOLOGY JUST A TESTING GROUND
The Emergence of the Seventh Continent
Cyberpsychology: A Fuzzy Domain
Cyberpsychology in Action: A New Field of Expertise
EVOLUTION AND STRUCTURE OF CONSCIOUSNESS
Part Two: What is Consciousness?
LAW
Functions and Structures of Law and its Institutions
Philosophies and Systems of Law
The relationship Between Law, Ethics, and Justice
PHILOSOPHIES AND SYSTEMS OF LAW
Introduction: What does it Mean to Compare Legal Systems?
Philosophies of Law, Legal Traditions and Legal Systems
Non-Western Philosophies of Law
Comparing Legal Traditions and Legal Systems
WESTERN PHILOSOPHIES OF LAW: THE CIVIL LAW
Conduct of Criminal Prosecutions
WESTERN PHILOSOPHIES OF LAW: THE COMMON LAW
Whether there is a Philosophy of the Common Law
Origins and Growth of the Common Law
Culture of the Common Law: Lex non Scripta
The Role and Discretion of Legal Officials in the Common Law
The Artificial Reason of the Law
Selected Schools of Common Law Jurisprudence
NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHIES OF LAW
Pre-Colonial Legal Traditions in Africa and the Americas
Traditional Influences on Modern Law in East Asia
FIELDS OF LAW SPECIALIZATION
Copyright, Trademark and Patent Law
Tax Policy, Electronic Commerce, and Developing Countries
LEGAL SUPPORT OF FOOD SAFETY
BUSINESS AND TRADE LAW
Formation of Agreements for International Trading of Goods: Documentary Sale and Letter of Credit
Frustrations of Contract: Excuse, Impracticability, Impossibility, Force Majeure
The GATT, Customs Classification and Valuation, Rule of Origin
Transfer of Technology and Licensing
Direct Investment: Risk Assessment, Joint Ventures, and Privatization
Options for the Resolution of International Business Disputes
COPYRIGHT, TRADEMARK AND PATENT LAW: AN OVERVIEW OF THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY FRAMEWORK IN THE UNITED STATES
CRIMINAL LAW: SUBSTANTIVE CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW: THE US MODEL
Sources of US Environmental Law
Major Substantive Areas of Federal Environmental Law and Regulation
Additional Environmental Legal and Regulatory Concerns
FAMILY LAW
CHILD LAW
The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
Ombudsman/Commissioner for Children
IMMIGRATION LAW AND POLICY
TELECOMMUNICATIONS LAW: THE UNITED STATES MODEL FOR ECONOMIC REGULATION OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS PROVIDERS
Regulation versus Competition in Telecommunications Markets
Regulating the Use of the Electromagnetic Spectrum
Regulation of Wire Based Telecommunications Common Carriers
TAX LAW
TAX POLICY, ELECTRONIC COMMERCE, AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
The Taxation of International Business Profits
The Changing Business Environment under E-Commerce
LAW, ETHICS, AND JUSTICE
Authority, Norms, Ethics, and Laws
THE RULE OF LAW
Seven essential components of the rule of law
Controversies Over the Rule of Law
EQUITY AND THE LAW
Equity in Specific Systems of Law
Law, the Universal, and Fairness
Equity, Legal Education, and Professional Lawyers
PERSPECTIVES ON ETHICS AND JUSTICE
CRIMINOLOGY: AN OVERVIEW
A Historical Overview of Criminology
The Extent of and Trends in Crime
The Types of Criminal Offenders
The Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Criminal Offenders
The Characteristics of the Major Types of Crime
GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
FORMS AND MODELS OF GOVERNMENT
The Political Categories of Plato and Aristotle
Goal-oriented and Process-oriented Models of Politics
DEMOCRACY
Introduction: The Term "Democracy" Abused
Democracy up to the End of the Eighteenth Century
Democracy in the Nineteenth Century
Democracy in the Twentieth Century
CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT
What is Constitutional Government?
Constitutional Features Across the World
State Format and Executive Powers
The Role of Assemblies and the Judiciary
Constitutional Government: Who Rules and Who Benefits?
AUTHORITARIAN SYSTEM
Totalitarian and Authoritarian Political Structures
Authoritarianism and Sovereignty
The European Experience in Dictatorship
Authoritarianism and the Military in Modern Asia
COMMUNIST SYSTEM
The Roles of Coercion, Consent, and Complicity
Characterizing the Communist System
MILITARY GOVERNMENT
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND GOVERNMENT
Introduction: Economic Development as Interplay of Markets and Government
Adam Smiths Moral Economy and Self-regulating Markets
Socialist Critiques of Capitalism
Governments and Markets in a Polarized Age
Recent Theories of Economic Development
From Economic Growth to Human Development
Political Science on Markets and Government
The Study of Economic Development as Moral and Political Economy
STRUCTURE OF GOVERNMENT
Introduction: The Meaning of the Concept Government
Government and the Political System
Political Regimes and the Shaping of Government
The Institutional Configuration of Government
The Form of Government: Organization, Composition and Leadership
The Structure of Government: Performances
LEGISLATURE
Unicameral and Bicameral Systems
Legislative-Executive Relations
Decentralization and Supranational Organizations
JUDICIARY
The History of the Judiciary and its Justification in Principle
Protections for Judicial Independence
The Limits of the Judicial Function
CABINET AND PRESIDENCY
Conventional Typology of Political Executives
Varieties of Cabinet and Presidency
Governmental System, Leadership, and Performance
FEDERAL SYSTEM
BUREAUCRACIES
Criticism and Recent Developments
GOVERNMENT FINANCE
Financing Government Expenditure
POLITICAL ASPECTS OF GOVERNMENT
Interest Groups in Democracies
ELECTION AND VOTING
Proportional representation (PR)
Evaluation of electoral systems
POLITICAL PARTIES
The Emergence of Political Parties in the Modern Era
Conservative and Progressive Parties
Classification of Political Party System
Political Parties in the Political System
Political Party Systems of the World
Democracy, Freedom and Party System into the Twenty-first Century
INTEREST GROUPS
Realities of Interest Associations
PUBLIC OPINION AND MASS MEDIA
Contemporary Public Opinion and Media Studies
DECENTRALIZATION AND LOCAL POLITICS
Local Government and Central–Local Relationship
POWER STRUCTURE
Human Beings, Power, and Structure
Understanding and Perceiving Power
Power Structure, the Constitution, and the Law
Power Structure and Political Ideology
IDEAS AND IDEOLOGIES IN POLITICS
LIBERALISM
Historical Origins and Development
Liberal Responses to Criticisms against Liberalism
Contemporary Liberals and their Adversaries
Challenges against Liberalism in the Twenty-First Century
NATIONALISM
Types of Nations and Nationalisms
CONSERVATISM
Introduction: "Conservatism"—A Protean Word
Common Features of Various Versions of Conservatism
Three Types of Modern Conservative Theory
ANARCHISM
The Etymological Basis of Anarchism
The Epistemological Basis of Anarchism
SOCIALISM AND COMMUNISM
The Early History of Socialism and Communism
HUMAN RIGHTS
Historical Development of Philosophical Thinking on Human Rights
Twentieth Century Discussions of Rights
Constitutions and Declarations
The Implementation of Human Rights
Trends in the Discussion and Political Recognition of Rights
ECOLOGISM
Ecologism and Environmentalism
The Casualties of Environmental Problems
Ecologism and Other Political Theories
FEMINISM
RELIGION AND POLITICS
The Social Strata of Fundamentalism
INTERNATIONAL POLITICS
International Politics as a Discipline
Post-Cold War Rethinking of International Relations Theories and Future World Visions
Sustainability in International Relations
REALISM
International Anarchy and States’ Need for Survival
The Twentieth-century Realism: Criticism of Utilitarianism
Human Nature: Egoism and Morality
REGIONALISM
Transition in the International System
Regionalism, Regionalization and Region
New International Political Economy
ACTORS IN WORLD POLITICS
Defining and Identifying Actors in World Politics
The Declining Authority of States and the Rise of Transnational Relations
Different Perspectives and Actors in World Politics
Transnational Relations and Contending Theoretical Approaches
INTERNATIONAL REGIMES
Introduction: Why are Scholars Interested in International Regimes Being?
Defining International Regimes
Changes of International Regimes
Why and By Whom International Regimes are Created?
Does International Regime Theory Give Something New?
INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM
BROADENING THE CONCEPT OF PEACE AND SECURITY
The Quest for Peace and Security: Traditional Approach
The Broadening of Ideas of Security
The Broadening of Ideas of Peace
The International Security System Challenged
SCIENCE, GOVERNANCE, COMPLEXITY, AND KNOWLEDGE ASSESSMENT
Knowledge Quality in Policy-Related Science
Knowledge Management and Knowledge Assessment
JOURNALISM AND MASS COMMUNICATION: THE MAKING OF MEANING
The Evolution of Journalism and Mass Communication
Communication and Sustainable Development: Looking to the Future
EVOLUTION OF JOURNALISM AND MASS COMMUNICATION
Themes Affecting Journalism and Mass Communication
Technology Brings Changes to Journalism and Mass Communication
Changes in the Journalism Workforce
The Future of Journalism and Mass Communication
MAGAZINES
MOTION PICTURES
Convergence of Media Technologies and Consolidation of Media Ownership
NEWSLETTERS, NEWSPAPERS, PAMPHLETS
Printing and the Rise of Newspapers and Pamphlets
The Twentieth Century and the Decline of the Newspaper Medium
THE DEVELOPMENT OF RADIO
Historical Developments of Radios Timeline
Future Direction of Radios Development
THE EVOLUTION OF TELEVISION IN THE USA
US Television Programming Since the 1940s
Effects of Television on Society
EVOLUTION OF MASS COMMUNICATION: MASS COMMUNICATION AND SUSTAINABLE FUTURES
Communication for Development: Praxis for Sustainability
Routes to Sustainability: Another Development
Public Awareness, Social Marketing, Entertainment-Education and Advocacy
HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF MASS COMMUNICATIONS
MOVING SUSTAINABILITY ONTO THE MEDIA AGENDA
Media Coverage of Sustainability
Case Study: Effect of the President’s Council on Sustainable Development
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AND MEDIA NETWORKS
Development of International Communication
Networks Using News Agencies/Wire Services
Non-Alignment Movement Creates Different Networks
Future of International Communication
TRADITIONAL AND MODERN MEDIA
Introduction: Traditional, Modern, and Postmodern Media
Storytelling as the Core of Traditional and Modern Media
The Evolution of Puppetry as an Entertainment Medium
Potential for Entertainment Education
Technology Innovations in Traditional and Modern Media
Concern over Technological Developments
Defining Moments in Traditional and Modern Media History
POPULAR CULTURE
IDENTITY FORMATION AND DIFFERENCE IN MASS MEDIA
Facets of Identity Development: Class, Gender and Sexuality, Race and Ethnicity, and Nationhood
CULTURE OF CONSUMPTION
Historical and Theoretical Approaches
Components of Contemporary Consumption
MEDIA GLOBALIZATION AND LOCALIZATION
Can Global Media Support Meaning and Expression in Local Lives?
Situating Contemporary Media in Socio-historical, Political, Economic, and Cultural Contexts
The Origins of Media Globalization
Basic Elements of Communication Media
Think, Act, Communicate—Locally as well as Globally
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION AND WORLD AFFAIRS
International Communication and Sustainable Development
THE INTERNET AS A MASS COMMUNICATION MEDIUM
From Mass Society to Mass Communication
The Internet, the Information Economy, and World Society
Internet Access and Cost: From the Information Gap to the Digital Divide
Regulation and Civil Liberties in the Internet Age
The Internet and Globalization: From Economics to Culture
The Internet and Localization: From Macro- to Micro-perspectives
The Internet, Interactive Communication, and Sustainable Development: Potential and Pitfalls
Chronology of Technological Inventions Leading to the Internet
Internet Related Organizations
THE INFORMATION ECONOMY AND THE INTERNET
Transformation from Industrial to Postindustrial to Information Economies
Transformation of the Internet
Information as a Commodity and a Source of Competitive Advantage
Changes, Challenges, and Concerns
Unexpected Benefits of the Information Economy: the Environment and Sustainable Development
The Information Economy in Developing Nations
CULTURE, INSTITUTIONS, AND ORGANIZATIONS ON THE INTERNET
The Internet, Mass Communication, and Culture
Initial Technological and Cultural Aspects of the Internet
The Internet as a New Marketplace of Ideas
The Internet as a Postmodern Cultural Space
The Internet and Social Interaction
Internet Culture and Participation
INTERNET ACCESS, COST AND THE INFORMATION GAP
Hardware and Software: Primary Factors of the "Digital Divide"
Contents-Related Aspects of the Information Gap
The Digital Divide: Structural Causes
Being Connected: Potential Benefits and Disadvantages
GOVERNMENT AND GOVERNANCE IN THE NETWORK AGE: CAN CYBERSPACE REALLY BE REGULATED?
Governments’ Attempts to Regulate the Internet
Internet Regulation in the Middle East
Cybercommunities and the Governance of Cyberspace
THE INTERNET AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Development and Sustainability
Rate of Adoption of the Internet
Technopolises as Perspectives on the Future
INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES
The Diffusion of Interactive Media Technologies
Success and Failure in Development of Interactive Media
Characteristics of Interactive Multimedia and Digital Technologies
The Convergence of Electronics, Computers and Telecommunications
Promoting Sustainable Development in a Global Digital Economy
Defining Moments in Multimedia and Interactive Media History
MANAGEMENT AND FUTURE OF MASS COMMUNICATIONS AND MEDIA
Where are the Mass Media Headed?
Brief History of Communication and Development
Management and Future of Communications Media in Social Change
THE RESTRUCTURING OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS: TECHNOLOGY, ECONOMICS AND POLICY
Characteristics of Telecommunications Networks
MEDIA OLIGARCHY: IMPLICATIONS FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN INTERNET MEDIA
Background: Deregulation, Mergers, and Acquisitions
Implications for Entrepreneurship
MANAGEMENT OF INFORMATION, COMMUNICATION AND MEDIA RESOURCES
Media Management in a New Millennium
Trends and Management Implications
COMMUNICATION IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
MASS MEDIA IN SUPPORT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Dominant Paradigm of Modernization
Debate on Sustainable Development
Role of Media in Support of Sustainable Development
TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY
Introduction: the Role of Telecommunications Policy
The History of Telecommunications Policy
Approaches to Studying Telecommunications Policy
Telecommunications and the South
Telecommunications Policy and a Globalized Future
COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE SOCIETIES
Sustainable Development and Sustainable Societies
SUSTAINABILITY
COMMUNICATION CAMPAIGNS ADVOCATING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Ten-Step Campaign Planning Process
The Importance of Democratic Public Participation
Examples of Communication Campaigns Involving Environmental Sustainability Issues
AN OPERATIONAL MODEL FOR ECOLOGICALLY SUSTAINABLE GROWTH
COMMUNICATING A POLITICS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
What is Sustainable Development?
Public Understandings of Sustainable Development
Public Ignorance and Misunderstanding about Sustainable Development
Public Rejection of Sustainable Development
Democracy, Communication and Sustainable Development
INTERNATIONAL COVERAGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Theoretical Framework and Background
UNITY OF KNOWLEDGE IN TRANSDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH FOR SUSTAINABILITY
Unity of Knowledge in the History of Ideas: Ontological and Subjective Concepts
Unity and Diversity of the Sciences and Humanities
Unity of Knowledge in Societal Problem Solving
Unity of Knowledge in Education
Science and Society in Sustainable Development
Transdisciplinary Research for Sustainability
UNITY OF KNOWLEDGE AND TRANSDISCIPLINARITY: CONTEXTS OF DEFINITION, THEORY AND THE NEW DISCOURSE OF PROBLEM SOLVING
Transdisciplinarity and Sustainability
The Nature of Transdisciplinary Knowledge
The Relational Pluralism of Transdisciplinarity
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SCIENTIFIC, TECHNICAL AND MORAL KNOWLEDGE IN CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY
Technical, Moral, and Scientific Knowledge in Classical Antiquity
The Legitimacy of Technology in Ancient Myth and Philosophy
The Legitimacy of the Use of Nature
The Ancient Critics of Technology
DIFFERENTIATION OF SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES
Unit Divisions of Knowledge: Classificatory and Archival Functions of Disciplines
Disciplines as Production and Communication Systems
The Modern System of Scientific Disciplines
The Future of the Scientific Discipline
HOLISM IN THE SCIENCES
PHILOSOPHICAL HOLISM
Holism in epistemology and semantics
A philosophical characterization of holism
INTEGRATING KNOWLEDGE IN TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
Postacademic Science: A New Mode of Knowledge Production?
An Institutional Perspective on Science and the Societal Application Context
A Conceptional Observation on the Relationship between Science, Technology, and Indus
Scientific Knowledge, Technical-Industrial Innovations, and Uncertainty
Heteronomization of Science: The Reverse Side of the Scientification of Society
TRANSDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL COOPERATION: ORIGINS AND PARADIGMS
Science and Society—Dealing with Relevance
Natural and Social Science—Dealing with Complexity
Sustainable Development—A Common Value?
Consequences of Transdisciplinary Research and Future Perspectives
TRANSDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA: SOCIAL-ECONOMIC-NATURAL COMPLEX ECOSYSTEM AND ECOPOLIS DEVELOPMENT
Human Ecology Thinking on Sustainability in China
Understanding the Social-Economic-Natural Complex Ecosystem
Ecopolis Development: Planning Sustainable Community
Action with Nature: Pilot Studies of Ecopolis Development in China
METHODOLOGY OF TRANSDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
A typology of transdisciplinary research
The trade and negotiate approaches
PROBLEM TRANSFORMATIONS IN TRANSDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
The Emergence of Transdisciplinary Research for Sustainability
Process Models for Transdisciplinary Research
Problems: The Fountainhead of Science
Problem Processing in Transdisciplinary Research Processes
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND MODELING IN TRANSDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
METHODS FOR SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT: SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS
Sustainability: Definitions and Implications
Sustainability Theory: The Triple Bottom Line
What Are Sustainability Indicators?
The Political Context and Content of Sustainability Analysis
Aggregated Sustainability Indicators
Visualization and Communication
INCOMMENSURABILITY OF KNOWLEDGE: THEORIES AND VALUES
Incommensurability of Theories
MANAGEMENT OF TRANSDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
Introduction: Relevance of Management Skills in Transdisciplinary Research
Analyses of Empirical Examples
Future Perspectives and Challenges
EVALUATION OF TRANSDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
Investigating the Significance of Transdisciplinary Research
Evaluation by a Scientific Community
Fact Finding by Meta Scientific Evaluation
Meta Scientific Explanations of Transdisciplinary Research
Evaluation by Communication with the Public and the Media
INSTITUTIONAL CHANGES FOR TRANSDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND LEARNING
The early history of university management of intellectual property
The later history and current status of patentable intellectual property
University management of copyrightable intellectual property
Management of copyrighted property and transdisciplinarity
SCIENCE POLICY FOR TRANSDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
Science Policy for Transdisciplinary Research
TRANSDISCIPLINARITY AND DISCIPLINARITY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF THE FUTURE
Introduction: Universities and the socialization of knowledge production
Disciplines and transdisciplinarity
Theoretical models of the role of universities and disciplines
Evidence of academic transdisciplinarity
TRANSDISCIPLINARY AND INTEGRATIVE SCIENCE:HUMANITY'S MIND AND POTENTIAL
Knowledge, Science, Integration, and Transdisciplinarity
Individual Human Talent: Seeing, Thinking, Evaluating, and Planning
The Short-Term Orientation of the Free Market System and Corrections by the State
Children and Artists, Copyright and Royalties: How the Market Deals with Cultural Entities
The "Maxwell Fund" and the "Human Rights Fund"
Developing Humanity’s Mind and Body
The Importance of Transdisciplinarity: Idealization and the Modesty of Science
Variety, Potency, and Robustness versus Efficiency, Uniformity, and Yield
The Lion and the Profiteer: Dioxin and Health
The Running and Stumbling Society: Permanence of the Exceptional, War and Peace
Actuality, Potentiality and the Nature of Reality
KNOWLEDGE INTEGRATION STRATEGIES
The Two Great Metaphysical Strategies: Instantiation and Emergence
The Social Epistemology of Instantiation and Emergence: Realism versus Constructivism
Historical Conditions for Knowledge Integration
The Future of Knowledge Integration: Identifying and Overcoming the Obstacles
CULTURE, CIVILIZATION AND HUMAN SOCIETY
Today in the Clothes of Yesterday
Languages and Concepts of Culture
THEORY AND HISTORY OF CULTURE
Culture - phenomena, objects of investigation, and concepts
FOUNDATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE
Culture as social organization
CULTURE AS A MANIFESTATION OF HUMAN ACTIVITY
Culture: The Human Way of Life
Nature, Human Action, and Culture
SORTING OUT CULTURE BY TYPE OR OTHERWISE - TOWARDS A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF CULTURE AND INTERCULTURAL RELATIONS
An ontological inventory of culture
The concept of culture and its delimitation
The cosmic influence on civilisation
Identification patterns of culture
INTERPRETATION OF SYMBOLS
The Philosophical Analysis of Language and Text: Hermeneutics
CULTURAL HERITAGE
Cultural heritage as a discipline not an inheritance
Cultural heritage - impersonal social and historical rules
Every human society has its own discipline at the micro and macro level
The perpetuation of a discursive and a non-discursive practice
Stabilization and innovation - fossilization and anarchy
Cultural heritage as a resource of a community and of humanity
The political uses of the cultural heritage
DIVERSITY AND UNITY IN THE CULTURAL HERITAGE OF PEOPLES, STATES AND HUMANITY
Brief history of concept of cultural unity from Herder to Lenin
Historical definitions of cultural diversity
Contemporary definitions of culture
Promoting a culture of mutual respect for cultural difference
TRADITIONS, INNOVATIONS AND DISCONTINUATIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURE
PROTECTION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE AS SOCIAL, POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC ISSUES
MASS CULTURE, POPULAR CULTURE AND CULTURAL IDENTITY
Traditional Folk Culture, popular culture and commercial mass culture
Globalization and commercial mass culture
Identities within a global commercial mass culture
Identities against a global commercial mass culture
CULTURE IN CONTEMPORARY CIVILIZATION
The Role of Custom and Tradition in Contemporary Civilization
Multicultural and multi-ethnic societies
Cultural diversity and globalization
Culture and Identity in Modern Civilization
MODERN AND TRADITIONAL CULTURES
Do Traditional Cultures Exist?
Opposition between Traditional and Modern Cultures in Western Discourses and Practices
Opposition between Traditional and Modern Cultures in Post-colonial Discourses and Practices
IMPERIALISM, RESISTANCE, AND CULTURE
Western Imperialism as an Offspring of Culture
Resistance and Defensive Cultures
STRUCTURE OF CULTURE AND COMMUNICATION FORMS
Contingent structures and essentials in the phenomenon of culture
Structures in the concept of culture
Structures of culture in action
KINDS, FORMS AND ATTRIBUTES OF CULTURAL ACTIVITY
Creation and Perception of aesthetic objects
CULTURAL INTERACTION
Tones, Images, Narrations, and Scripts
LOCAL CULTURES AND GLOBAL DYNAMICS
The impact of colonialism and globalization on local and national cultures
Dissipative structures in global economic and cultural relationships
The social and cultural costs of globalization
CULTURAL EXCHANGE
Belief systems, Law and Custom
WEST/EAST AND NORTH/SOUTH DIALOGUE OF CULTURES INTERCULTURALITY AND COMMUNICATION
The Applied Semiotics of Intercultural Communication
GLOBAL INFORMATIONAL FLUXES AND NATIONAL CULTURAL VALUES
Telecommunication Culture and Its Impact on Society
Information Globalization and National Cultures
CULTURAL INTEGRATION AND NATIONAL ORIGINALITY OF CULTURES
Cultural Integration and Differentiation
Culture in the Paradigm of Globalization
TWENTIETH-CENTURY PERSPECTIVES ON CULTURE
The roots of modernity: Darwin, Marx, Nietzsche and Freud
Concepts of culture in biology and anthropology
Culture and the material processes of production
Culture and the loss of stability and certainty
Culture and the taming of the unconscious
Poststructuralism, Postmodernism, Chaos theory
CULTURE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
The status of indigenous cultures within sustainable development
ECOLOGY OF CULTURE
Ecological Constraints of Human Cultural Evolution
Applied Ecology, Culture, and Bioethics
CULTURE AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Risk research and communication conflict
Water talk an African field study
CULTURAL CHANGE PHENOMENA
Tradition as collective memory
Notions as forces in cultural history
Traditions vs. innovation theories
HUMAN ECOLOGY
Definitions and Interpretations
Disciplinary Approaches and Interpretations
Prospects and Future Directions
SUSTAINABILITY: AN ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIOCULTURAL NECESSITY
Development and Sustainability
Globalization and Localization: A Tandem Process
A Perspective: Management of Diversity
BIO-POLICY, BIO-CULTURE:GLOBAL PRIORITIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Introduction—a Bios Vision in Globalization
Setting Global Bio-environmental Priorities
Bio-culture—Moving beyond Sustainable Development
Bio-economics—Redefining the Concept of Profit
A Three-Dimensional Approach to Economic Theory
Green Salary—New Employment Opportunities
Genetic Banks—Saving the Wealth of Biodiversity
World Referendum—a New Pathway for Democracy
Bank of Ideas—Mapping the Evolution of Environmental Awareness
Bio-diplomacy—Investing in "Defense for Bios"
Bio-legislation—Defending the Rights of Future Generations
International Court for the Environment
International Environmental Emergency Body
Bio-architecture and Urban Planning
Bio-education for a Global Responsibility
Environmental Olympics—Bios Prizes—Athlos as an Intellectual Achievement
Bio-peace—Global Harmony in the New Millennium
LITERATURE AND THE FINE ARTS
The Contemporary of the Non-Contemporary
Creativity and the Knowledge Society
ARTISTS
The Relationship of the artist with the social field
MEMORISTS
Memorizing the face: Skulls and sculpture
Memorizing the will of the gods
Memorizing the heroes: ballads and epics
Memorizing the kings: praise poems
Memorizing the people: struggle poems
Testimonies of victims of human rights violations
The relationship between raconteur and audience
CREATORS
Artist, genius, creator, thinker
VISIONARIES
The behaviour of the visionary
The divine origin of visionary art
OUTSIDERS
The position of the artist within society
Outsider groups as artistic firebrands
Outsiders by means of scandals
NOMADS
AUDIENCE IN THE ARTS
Types of Audience and Fields of Audience Studies
An Example of Readership Studies
TYPOLOGY OF AUDIENCES
Relevance in a redefined global Context
Towards a new Typology of Audiences
INFLUENCES OF AUDIENCES ON THE ARTS
Art, Artistic Field and the Role of Audiences
Typololgy of Audiences and Mode of Influence
POWER-STRUCTURES
Culture and political power in the past
Culture and economic power in the past
Culture and the state: State funding and control
Entartete Kunst and political correctness: using the people to control the arts
DISTRIBUTORS AND ORGANIZERS
The cultural public and its relationship to the artist
Collecting art and making it available
EDUCATION
Art as subject of education in schools and colleges
Classifying arts according to their mediums
Arts education for our modern world
MEDIA
TONE
The special apparatus to produce speech sounds
The psychology of sound processing in humans
IMAGE
SCRIPT
Beautiful writing: calligraphy
COMMUNICATION FORMS
The need for Mass Communication
DIRECT COMMUNICATION
Communication in face to face situations
Body language and ritual communication
Distant communication: Letters
Distant communication: telegraph, telephone, wireless telephony
Distant communication: e-mail and chatting
Privacy of direct communication
Official languages, dominant languages, lingua franca
Visual Communication: Fashion, Implements
MASS COMMUNICATION
From communication "in real life" to communication in mass media
Globalization of communication
Mass communication in religion
Mass communication in politics
Mass communication and the arts
MARKET AND ART PROCESSES
The transition from patronage to the market in works of art
The nation state, its common language and culture, as a unified market for art
The market at the turn of the nineteenth to the twentieth century
Art market in America, mass media
The challenges of the 21st century
ART -CENTRES AND TRANSNATIONAL PROCESSES
Hybridity and new internationalism
Movements of informal networks
Geocultural perspectives and new art-centres
THE ARTS AND GLOBALIZATION
Reevaluation of values and reinvention of identity
"World Literature" and Globalization
Global and Local: A Typology of Arts
FUNDAMENTAL ECONOMICS
Macroeconomics of Demand and Supply
Partial Equilibrium: the Marshallian Approach
ECONOMICS OF UNCERTAINTY AND INFORMATION
Screening and Separating Equilibria
Principal-Agent Relationships with Moral Hazard
EVOLUTIONARY ECONOMICS
The Emergence of Evolutionary Economics
First Principles and Shared Concerns
Different Evolutionary Approaches
The Search for General Evolutionary Principles
Evolutionary and Mainstream Economics Compared
Evolutionary Economics and Evolutionary Game Theory
Conclusion: Prospects for Evolutionary Economics
ENTREPRENEURSHIP: BUSINESS AND SOCIAL DIMENSIONS
Individual and Corporate Economic Entrepreneurship
Woman entrepreneurship: social dimension.
The Institutional Dimension of Entrepreneurship
HISTORY, PHILOSOPHY, AND DEVELOPMENT OF WALRASIAN ECONOMICS
The Life and Works of Lon Walras (1834-1910)
Mystery of Walras' pure economics I: Static Analysis and Progressive Society
Mystery of Walras' pure economics II: The zero-profit entrepreneur
Development of Walrasian Economics in the twentieth century
MONEY, BANKING AND FINANCE
WALRASIAN AND NON-WALRASIAN MICROECONOMICS
Walrasian Transactions: Excess Demand
Non-Walrasian Transactions: Effective Demand
STRATEGIC BEHAVIOR
THE ECONOMICS OF BARGAINING
Bargaining Situations and Bargaining
Repeated Bargaining Situations
ECONOMIC EXTERNALITIES
PUBLIC GOODS
Inefficiency of Competitive Equilibrium
Inefficiency of Benefit Taxation
MACROECONOMICS
Styled Facts on Economic Growth
A basic model of physical and human capital accumulation
Non-convexities and the role of initial conditions
Taxation policies and economic growth
Expectations and economic growth
MACROECONOMICS: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
The Keynesian View of Unemployment
Money, Keynes, and the Classics
THE NEW GROWTH THEORY
OVERLAPPING GENERATIONS MODELS
Samuelson’s canonical example of an OLG model
Existence and efficiency of competitive equilibria
Competitive equilibria with fiat money
Intergenerational transfers and trust
Concluding remarks on future research
MONEY: IN TRANSACTIONS AND FINANCE
Properties of the Monetary Instrument
Banks and Banking: Monetization of Capital
FINANCIAL MARKETS
Optimal Portfolio-Consumption Choice
DECISION MAKING UNDER UNCERTAINTY
Games as Multi-Person Decision Theory
DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
Pioneers and Latecomers in Historical Perspective
Growth and its Sources since 1950
SUSTAINABLE GROWTH
Sustainable Growth: Concepts and Framework
Economic Growth Without Environmental Factors: A Basic Model
Sustainable Growth With Nonrenewable Resources
Sustainable Growth With Environmental Decay
Alternative Criteria for Intertemporal Optimality
ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND GLOBAL WARMING
Global Warming and Economic Theory
Global Warming and Intergenerational Equity
The International Fund for Atmospheric Stabilization
Natural Environment as Social Overhead Capital
Optimum Provisions of Social Overhead Capital
Sustainability and the Agricultural Commons
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES FOR DEVELOPING ECONOMIES
Economy—Environment Relationship
Environmental Capital Base and Environmental Crisis
Economic Growth and Environmental Quality
Exhaustible Resources and Sustainability of Development Process in Developing Economies
The Concept of Sustainable Resource Use: Sustainable Accounting and Collective Action
ECONOMICS OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION
Uncertainty, Values, Political Considerations, Regulatory Costs
RENEWABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Special Cases: Fisheries, Forestry, and Groundwater
Impediments to Resource Management
RELIGION, CULTURE, AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
RELIGION, VALUES AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Values and sustainable development
RISK SOCIETY, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND RELIGION
Risk Society and Sustainable Development
Sustainable Development and Religion
ENVIRONMENT AND RELIGION IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: THE ROLE OF SACRIFICE IN THE XANGO OF RECIFE(BRAZIL)
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND NATIONAL GOVERNANCE: THE CHALLENGES AHEAD
Sustainability and National Governance
Principles for National Governance
National Laws and Institutions
HISTORY OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
Introduction: the purpose of environmental law
The modern environmental movement
The rise of modern environmental law
The fundamental principles and characteristics of modern environmental law
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
Non-Constitutionalism—Not Then, Not Now, Not Ever?
First Generation Environmental Constitutionalism—Form without Substance?
Second Generation Constitutionalism—A New Direction?
SOVEREIGNTY OVER, OWNERSHIP OF, AND ACCESS TO NATURAL RESOURCES
Sovereignty Over Natural Resources
Ownership of Natural Resources
CONSERVATION AND UTILIZATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND COMMON SPACES
LAWS GOVERNING FRESHWATER AND GROUND WATER POLLUTION
General Themes in Water Pollution Control Law
Major Legal Approaches to Water Pollution
Common Law Approaches to Water Pollution
Statutory Approaches to Water Pollution
Ambient Environmental Quality Standards
Market and Other Economic Approaches
TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
The Theory of Government and Institutional Politics: A Brief Comparative Sketch
Plans and Planning: The Plan as Guideline/The Plan as Law
Planning Permission vs. Development Rights: The Chasm
Zones: Exception to the Planning Permission Doctrine
Planning Gain (Obligations) and Land Development Conditions
The Role of Infrastructure: Transportation Planning and Development
LAWS GOVERNING FORESTRY
Introduction: Ownership and Jurisdiction
BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND ENDANGERED SPECIES PROTECTION
The Decline in Biological Diversity
A Regulatory Framework for Biodiversity Conservation
ENVIRONMENTAL CONFLICT RESOLUTION: SUITS
Legal Mechanisms Available to Conserve and Protect Pacific Salmon and Their Habitat
Strategic Considerations in Environmental Suits
PEACE CULTURE REQUIRED FOR SUSTAINABLE GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT
Introduction: The Necessity of a New Peace Culture
Research: Facing the Challenge of Cultural Globalization
Repairing the World Through Culture and Literature
The Media: The Need and the Will to Change
Cultural Aspects of Conflicts: Conflict Resolution through Culture
International Forum for The Culture of Peace (IFLAC)
Education: Telecommunications and the Arts
WOMEN IN PURSUIT OF PEACE
Women and the Innovative Peace Culture System (PCS)
Women’s World TV Satellite Peace Network (WSPN)
The Importance of Non Governmental Organizations (NGO’s)
Women Organizations for Peace - Lena: The Bridge
The UN Coalition of Five "Women for Peace" Organizations
The Afghan Women's Organization – "Sada"
Women’s "Peace Culture System" Revolution
UNIVERSAL OBSTACLES TO PEACE EDUCATION
The spectrum of peace definitions: meanings and implications
The critics of peace education
PEACE EDUCATION: DEFINITION, APPROACHES, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Difference between Peace Education and Peace Studies
Peace Education as a Strategy to Achieve Peace
Peace Education for the Twenty-First Century
IMPORTANCE OF A LITERATURE AND A CULTURE OF PEACE
Systematic Transmission of Culture
Non-Systematic Transmission of Culture
Importance of a Literature and a Culture of Peace
PEACE THROUGH LITERATURE AND CULTURE--- AN ORIENTAL PERSPECTIVE