Encyclopedia Of Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources - Table of Contents

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING AND GEOMECHANICS

STRUCTURAL, GEOTECHNICAL AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING

Structural Engineering

Geotechnical Engineering

Earthquake Engineering

NONLINEAR ANALYSIS OF FRAME STRUCTURES

General

Material Nonlinearities

Geometric Nonlinearities

MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE POTENTIAL FOR MOMENT FRAME BUILDINGS

General

Modeling for Collapse

Progressive Collapse Resistance of Typical Moment Frames

MODELING FOR GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS

Constitutive Models

Numerical Modeling

Intelligent Models

Centrifuge Modeling

BEHAVIOR AND MODELING OF REINFORCED CONCRETE FRAMES WITH UNREINFORCED MASONRY INFILL WALLS

Observations from Recent Earthquakes

Previous Research on Infill Walls

Multi-Phase Study of RC Frames with URM Infill Walls

Closure

BIOMECHANICS

BIOMECHANICS OF MUSCOSKELETAL SOFT TISSUES

Introduction

Muscle

Tendons

Ligaments

Articular Cartilage

Integration

CELL MECHANICS AND MECHANOBIOLOGY

Introduction

Cell mechanics

Cell mechanobiology

Conclusion

SPORT SCIENCE AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION

SOCIOLOGY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SPORT

Sociology of Sport

Philosophy of sport

SPARTIAN GAMES - THE GAME MODEL OF INTEGRATION OF SPORT AND ART

What is SpArtian Games?

Special Features and Value Of Spartian Games

COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY

Various Definitions of Cold Regions

Characteristics of Cold Regions

Impact of Climate Change on Cold Regions

Evolution and Development of Cold Regions

Environmental Impact

Science and Technology Development

AIR POLLUTION IN COLD REGIONS

Arctic Air Pollution

Antarctic Pollution

SHIP – ICE INTERACTION IN SHIP DESIGN: THEORY AND PRACTICE

Ice and Weather Conditions

Ice Operations

Ice Action on Ships

DRIFTING SNOW AND AVALANCHE CONTROL FOR ROADS

Blowing/drifting snow and snowdrift

Snow avalanches

Future Prospects

ICE RIDGE FORMATION

Rafting

Ridging

Discussion

Conclusion

ICE RIDGE CHARACTERISTICS AND ENGINEERING CONCERNS REGARDING ICE RIDGES

Ice ridge characteristics

Engineering concerns regarding ice ridges

INTRODUCING CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS

The Purpose of this Introduction

The Importance of CAS

Circuits and Systems

Integrated Electronics

Digital, Analog, and Mixed Circuits

The Great Convergence of Telecom and Computers

CAS Technologies

CAS Design

The Future of CAS

Conclusive Remarks and Theme Organization

MICROPROCESSORS, DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS

Microprocessors

Digital Signal Processors

Microcontrollers and Digital Signal Processors

EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS

EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS OF BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS

Introduction

Bone

Soft Tissues

Cell

WELDING ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

MICRO/NANO MATERIAL PROCESSING

Introduction

Micro- and Nanotechnology

Conclusion

COST OF WELDING AND COST OF WELDED STRUCTURES

Cost Elements

Numerical Examples

SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES

LIFE CYCLE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES INSPECTION AND SURVEY OF SHIP STRUCTURES: AN INTRODUCTION

Who

When

Where

What

How Inspections are Carried Out

The Inspection Matrix

LIFE CYCLE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES RISK-BASED STRATEGIES FOR THE NEXT GENERATION OF MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION PROGRAMS

Risk-Based Approaches

Rationale and Benefits of RBI

Reliability-Centered Maintenance

LIFE CYCLE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES HULL INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE SYSTEM

Stakeholders - Hull Condition

Drivers and Opportunities

Traditional Hull Inspection

Managing Hull Inspections Using Software

Compartment Scoring System

Critical Areas Inspection

Inspection Data Processing

Benefits

Training

LIFE CYCLE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES: DECOMMISSIONING OF FIXED OFFSHORE PLATFORMS

Background

Rigs-to-Reefs

The Decommissioning Process

The Future

THE OCEAN ENVIRONMENT AND PHENOMENA

Properties: Fresh Water; Salt Water; Air

Water Waves

AN INTRODUCTION TO AND OVERVIEW OF FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICS

Review of Different Areas of Physics

Economical and Social Implications of physics

Conclusion

LAWS OF PHYSICAL SYSTEMS

Concepts, Theory and Experiments

Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Cosmology

General Relativity

Loop Quantum Gravity

String Theory

M-Theory and Holography

Emergent Phenomena

Plasmas

Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics

Complex Systems and Chaos

SYMMETRY PRINCIPLES AND CONSERVATION LAWS

Symmetries and Conservation Laws; Noether’s Theorem

Internal Symmetries in Physics

Symmetries and Mathematics

Discrete Symmetries: P and C

Isospin and SU(2)

The Group SU(3) and the quark model

Gauge symmetries and fundamental interactions

Symmetry and Observables

SPECIAL AND GENERAL RELATIVITY

Relativity in physics

General relativity

Contemporary developments circa 2004

QUANTUM MECHANICAL LAWS

Black Body Radiation: The Lateral Problem Becomes Fundamental

The Discovery of Photons

Compton’s Effect: Collisions Confirm the Existence of Photons

Atoms: The Contradictions of the Planetary Model

The Mystery of the Allowed Energy Levels

Luis de Broglie: Particles or Waves?

Schrödinger’s Wave Mechanics: Wave Vibrations Explain the Energy Levels

The Statistical Interpretation

The Schrödinger’s Picture of Quantum Theory

The Uncertainty Principle: Instrumental and Mathematical Aspects

Typical States and Spectra

Unitary Evolution

Canonical Quantization: Scientific or Magic Algorithm?

The Mixed States

Quantum Control: How to Manipulate the Particle?

Measurement Theory and Its Conceptual Consequences

Interpretational Polemics and Paradoxes

Entangled States

Dirac’s Theory of the Electron as the Square Root of The Klein-Gordon Law

Feynman: The Interference of Virtual Histories

The Locality Problems

The Idea of Quantum Computing and Future Perspectives

Open Questions

THERMODYNAMICS, STATISTICAL PHYSICS AND THEIR LAWS

Introduction: On the Nature and Importance of Thermodynamic Laws

Thermodynamic Systems and Their Description

The Thermodynamic Laws

The Thermodynamic Potentials

Statistical Physics - A Briefing

Selected Illustrations

COMPLEX SYSTEMS AND NON-LINEAR DYNAMICS

Complex Systems

Non-Linear Dynamics and Chaos

Topics Involved

Concluding Remarks

PLASMAS

Astrophysical plasmas

Geophysical Plasmas

Laboratory plasmas

Conclusions

QUANTUM SYSTEMS

Origin and Development of Quantum Mechanics

Bose-Einstein Condensates

Quantum Information Theory

STATIONARY STATES IN A POTENTIAL WELL

Introduction

Stationary Orbits in Old Quantum Mechanics

Stationary States in Wave Mechanics

The Infinite Square Well: The Stationary States Most Resembling the Standing Waves on a String

1D Parabolic Well: The Stationary States of the Quantum Harmonic Oscillator

The 3D Coulomb Well: The Stationary States of the Hydrogen Atom

The 3D Parabolic Well: The Stationary States of the Isotropic Harmonic Oscillator

Stationary Bound States in the Continuum

Conclusion

ATOMS AND MOLECULES

Introduction

High Precision Atomic Spectroscopy

Negative Ions

Atomic Collisions

Rydberg Atoms

Parity Nonconservation in Atoms

Exotic Atoms

Atom Optics

Molecules

Gases

Molecules in Solids and Liquids

Basic Molecular Principles

Water Molecules and Some Chemical Reactions

Photosynthesis

QUANTUM-MECHANICAL DESCRIPTION OF SOLIDS

Energy Bands

Bandstructure Calculation Methods

Interface States

Introduction

Conclusions

QUANTUM PHENOMENA IN LOW DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS

Making Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures

Physics in Quantum Systems of Reduced Dimensions

Two-Dimensional Quantum Systems

One-Dimensional Quantum Systems

Zero-Dimensional Quantum Systems

QUANTUM-MECHANICAL DESCRIPTION OF MENDELEEV PERIODIC TABLE

Introduction

Historical Notes

The Atomic Models

The First Quantum Atomic Model

The Standard Schrödinger Quantum Hydrogen Atom

Multielectron Atoms

Quantum Mechanical Construction of the Periodic Table

The Block Structure of the Periodic Table

Extra Labels in the Periodic Table

Conclusions and Perspectives

NANOSCIENCES AND NANOTECHNOLOGIES

MAGNETISM OF NANOSTRUCTURES

Theory

Results

MICRO-ELECTRO-MECHANICAL-SYSTEMS (MEMS)

Definition

Main Technology in MEMS

Applications

GENERAL OVERVIEW OF CONTINUUM MECHANICS

Preliminary Concepts: Definition and Theoretical Framework

Kinematics of Deformation

Balance Laws

Constitutive Behavior

HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

TRANSITIONS FROM FUNCTION-ORIENTED TO EFFECT-ORIENTED TECHNOLOGIES - SOME THOUGHTS ON THE NATURE OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY

Introduction

The Technology of Machines T I – Instrumental and Efficient

Instrumental Rationality as the Rationality of Actions

Unspecified Technology and its Consequences

PHYSICAL METHODS, INSTRUMENTS AND MEASUREMENTS

Physical Units and Fundamental Constants

Electricity and Magnetism

Optical Sources, Detectors, and Communications

Nuclear and Particle Physics

Sensors

Microscopy

Electronic Distance Measurements (EDM)

Elemental Analysis

High Pressure and Temperature

Physics for Medicine

Physical Methods in Industry

MEASUREMENTS AND MEASUREMENT STANDARDS

Metrology: Science, Philosophy, and Scientific Basis for the Art of Measurement

Measurement Standards

Metrology: Trends of Future Development

LIMITS AND ACCURACY IN MEASUREMENTS

Mathematical formalism

Robust approach

Resolution of digitized signals

MEASUREMENT AND STANDARDS OF SPACE AND MASS

Space, Time, and Mass-Philosophical Categories and Objects of Measurements

The Need for Measurements and Metrology

The History of the Standard of the Meter

Apparatus and Instruments for Dimensional Measurements

Angular Standards

The Role of Angle in Measurements of Distances

Mass Standards

High-precision Mass Comparators

Mass Artifacts and Balances

Accurate Methods for Mass Measurement

MEASUREMENTS AND STANDARDS OF TIME AND FREQUENCY

Time Units and Scales

Clocks and Frequency Standards

Future Prospects

The Knowledge of Time as One of the Bases for Human Life

PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND UNITS

Dimension of Physical Quantity and its Value

Units of Physical Quantities: Systems of Quantities and Systems of Units

Equations Between Quantities

Dimensions of Physical Quantities

Le Système International d’Unités (SI)

Systems of Units of Physical Quantities

Natural Systems of Units

MEASUREMENTS AND STANDARDS OF MECHANICAL MOTION QUANTITIES

Quantities to Be MeasuredIntercommunication of Mechanical Motion Quantities

Methods for Construction of Reference Systems

Methods and Units for Measurement of Mechanical Motion Quantities

Metrological Characteristics of Instruments Measuring Mechanical Motion Quantities

Standards in the Field of Measurement of Mechanical Motion Quantities

Devices and Systems Used to Establish Standards

Development of New Trends of Metrology of Mechanical Motion Quantities

TEMPERATURE: TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION

The International Temperature Scale

Electrical Resistance Methods

Radiant Methods of Temperature Measurement

Thermoelectric Temperature Measurement

Liquid in Glass Thermometry

Calibration Methods

Common Errors

SOURCES OF PARTICLES AND RADIATION, DETECTORS AND SENSORS

Sources of particles

Sources of high-energy radiation

Detectors

PARTICLE DETECTORS

Gaseous Counters

Semiconductor Detectors

Methods of Neutron Detection

Track-Etch Detectors

(?E,E)-Technique for Identification of Detected Particles

Position-Sensitive Detectors

Time and Amplitude Measurement Techniques

Statistical Character of Nuclear Events

DETECTORS OF RADIATION

Gamma and X-Radiation

Radiation Detectors

Ionization Detectors

Scintillation Detectors

Microcalorimeters

Detector Performance Indicators

OPTICAL SOURCES AND DETECTORS

Spectrum of optical radiation

Optical units, radiometry and photometry

Thermal radiation.

Sources of optical radiation

The Laser

Thermal detectors

Photon detectors

Photoemissive devices

Wave interaction effects

Noise in radiation detectors

Figures of Merit

State of the art of optical detectors

OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS

Radiation Sources and Receivers

Intensity OFS

Frequency Sensors

Phase Sensors

Polarization Sensors

ACOUSTICS AND ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENTS

Basis of Sound

Effects of Acoustic Waves on the Human Beings

Criteria for Evaluation of Noise

Noise Sources

Instrumentation for Noise Measurement

Noise Control and Sound Quality

SYNCHROTRON RADIATION

The Storage Ring

Beamlines

Experimental Methods

Future Prospects

SOURCES OF NUCLEAR PARTICLES

Cosmic Rays

Natural Radioactive Sources

Accelerators

Neutron Sources

Accelerators in Industry

GRAVIMETRIC MEASURING TECHNIQUES

Absolute instruments.

Differential instruments.

Major sources of perturbations and corrections.

Gravimetric networks and points positioning.

Measurements at sea.

Airborne gravity measurements.

IMAGING AND CHARACTERIZING - TRACE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

Optical microscopy

Electron microscopy

Tunneling microscopy

Interferometry and holography

Emission and transmission tomography

Nuclear methods of bulk and surface elemental analysis

Laser spectroscopy

OPTICAL AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

Optical microscopy

Electron microscopy

Hybrid and derived instruments

Current trends and perspectives

SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION

Auger Electron Spectroscopy

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Secondary ion mass spectrometry

Scanning probe microscopy

HOLOGRAPHIC INTERFEROMETRY

Wavefront Recording and Reconstruction

Methods of Wavefront Comparison

Fringe Localization

Determination of Wavefront Phase

Measurement of Static and Dynamic Displacements

Flow Measurement

Shape Measurement

Holographic Flaw Detection

MEDICAL AND INDUSTRIAL TOMOGRAPHY

Principles of Reconstructive Tomographic Imaging

Instrumentation

Applications of Computer Tomography

RADIOACTIVATION ANALYSIS AND ISOTOPIC TRACERS

Activation Theory

Quantitative Determination by Radioactivation Analysis

Experimental Modes of Activation

Practical Applications of Radioactivation Analysis

APPLICATIONS OF LASER SPECTROSCOPY IN BIOMEDICINE AND PRESERVATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE

Tumor Detection and Localization

Atherosclerotic Plaque Identification

Diagnostic Accuracy of Fluorescence Spectroscopy

LIFS and LIBS as an Analysis Tool in Pigment Identification

LIFS and LIBS as a Means of Controlling Laser Cleaning

REMOTE SENSING

Radiolocation

Laser Location, Lidar

The Remote Sensing Earth from Space

Modern Trends in the Development of Remote Sensing Methods

APPLICATIONS OF MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION

Radiation physics

Radiation treatment

Radiation technology

Non-destructive testing

Lasers Applications

Thermal-plasma processing

Superconductive instruments

RADIATION BIOLOGY

Cell Cycle Growth Control and Damage Repair

Molecular Biology of Radiation Sensitivity in Tumors and Normal Tissue

From Cell Survival Curves to Dose Response Relations for Organized Tissue

Radiation Quality and Radiation Effects

SQUIDS IN NEURO-AND CARDIOMAGNETISM

General comments

Magnetoencephalography and magnetocardiography

SQUIDs

Multichannel instrumentation for MEG

Examples of MEG studies

Cardiomagnetic studies

Comparisons of MEG, MCG, EEG, ECG, PET, and fMRI

PLASMA PROCESSING AND ION IMPLANTATION

Plasma Processing of Surfaces

Ion Implantation

Modification of Materials by Powerful Pulsed Ion Beams

Implantation-Plasma Treatment of Materials

RADIATION PROCESSING

Radiation Processing

Interaction of Radiation with Matter

Industrial Applications of Radiation Processing

LASERS IN TECHNOLOGY

Industrial High-Power Lasers

High-Power Laser Beam Characteristics and Beam Absorption

Laser Cutting

Laser Welding

Laser Drilling

Laser Surface Engineering

Laser Micromachining

Other Laser Material Processing Techniques

NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING: NEUTRON RADIOGRAPHY

Principle of Neutron Radiography

Neutron Sources

Imaging Techniques

Neutron Radiography Instrumentation

Radiography Investigations in Research and Development

RADIATION THERAPY

Overview of the Radiation Therapy Process

Radiobiological Bases of Radiation Therapy

Radiation Therapy Objectives and Target Definition

Treatment Techniques

Treatment Delivery

Modern Developments of Radiation Therapy

IMAGE NOISE CHARACTERISTICS IN 3D POSITRON TOMOGRAPHY

Introduction

Theory

Noise Properties of PET Images

Conclusion

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Structure of Materials

Defects in Crystals

Processing of Materials

Efficient Production and use of Materials

Materials in Combination

Some Active Areas of Materials Development

OPTIMIZATION OF MATERIALS PROPERTIES

Optimization through Solidification Processing

Optimization through Mechanical Processing

Optimization through Heat Treatment

Optimization by local Microstructural Modification

BONDING IN SOLIDS, STRUCTURAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Atomic Orbitals: their Origin and their Shapes

Forming Bonds between like Atoms: Bonding and Anti-bonding Molecular Orbitals, Sigma and Pi-bonds

Forming Bonds between Unlike Atoms: Polar Covalent and Ionic Bonds, Two Extremes of the Same Process

A Simple Model for an Ionic Solid: A Balance between Coulombic Attraction and Short-range Repulsion

From Hybridization to Conjugation to Band Structures: Why Diamond and Graphite have such Different Properties

More about Bands: Metals, Insulators and Semiconductors

Molecular Solids, van der Waals Solids and Hydrogen Bonding

STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF POLYMERS

Macromolecules and Polymers

Synthesis of Polymers

Structure of Macromolecules

Structure of Polymers

Design of Polymers with Specific Properties

Mechanical Properties of Polymers

Rheology and Viscoelasticity of Polymers

Electric and Optical Properties of Polymers

Additives

Polymer Processing

Polymers and the Environment

Methods of Polymer Characterization

Specialty Polymers

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYMERS

Deformation Behavior of Polymers

Statistical Molecular Theories

Large Deformation Theory

Finite Element Idealization

Experimental Stress-Strain Plots

Dynamic Mechanical Properties

Ultimate Stress and Ultimate Strain of Polymers

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS

Stress-strain Curves

Elastic Deformation

Anelastic Deformation

Viscous Deformation

Geometry and Crystallography of Plastic Deformation

Plastic Deformation of Polycrystals

Work-hardening, Recovery and Recrystallization

Fracture of Metals

Fatigue of Metals

Creep and Creep-rupture

Mechanical Properties of Ceramic Materials

PHASE EQUILIBRIA AND MICROSTRUCTURE

Phase Equilibria

Phase Diagrams

Microstructure

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Pre-1800: Charged Times

Electricity as a Science: Electromagnetism and Circuit Theory

Engineering Electricity: Important Direct Current Devices

Selling Electricity: Asphyxiating Gas

Centralized Power: Battle of the Currents

A Material World: Conducting Materials

Sending the Right Signals: Communications, Control, and Measurements

Modern Trends in Power: the Next Generation

INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENTS

Characteristics and Response

Errors and Error Control

Standards

Analog and Digital Instruments

Control of Instruments

Design, Testing, and Calibration

Applications of Instruments

GALVANOMETERS, ELECTROMECHANICAL VOLTMETERS AND AMMETERS

Measurement Fundamentals

Electromechanical Voltmeters and Ammeters

Thermal-Type Instruments

Potentiometers

ELECTRONIC VOLTMETERS AND AMMETERS

Analog Meters

Digital Meters

Radio-Frequency Microvoltmeters

Vacuum-Tube Voltmeters and Oscilloscopes

HIGH VOLTAGE MEASUREMENTS

Requirements for High-Voltage Measurements

Voltage and Current Transducers

Measurement Techniques and Algorithms

Integrated High-Voltage Measurement Systems

MAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS

Magnetic-Field Fundamentals

Vector Instruments

Scalar Instruments

Characterizing Magnetometer Performance

POWER AND ENERGY MEASUREMENTS

Electric Power Measurements

Power and Energy-Measuring Instruments

DIGITAL INSTRUMENTS

AD and DA Signal Conversions

Theory of Signal Acquisition

Data-Acquisition Systems

Instrument Communication

Examples of Digital Instruments

Virtual Instruments

SENSORS AND TRANSDUCERS

Motion Sensors

Velocity Sensors

Force Transducers

Temperature Sensors

Magnetic-Field Sensor

Chemical Sensors

New Research Trends

INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEMS

Instruments and Instrumentation Systems

Digital Systems, Microprocessors, and Computers

Networks and Communications in Instrumentation Systems

Advanced Systems

Applications of Instrumentation Systems

TELEMETRY

Basic Telemetry Concepts

Modulation Approaches

Telemetry Applications

ELECTRO-TECHNOLOGIES

Electro-technologies for Generation and Transmission of Electricity

Electro-technologies for end-uses of electricity

Electric Vehicles

DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES

Magnetism and Electromagnetic principles

Current Carrying Wires and Coils

Basic Motor Principles

Machine equations and circuits

Types of dc Machine

Stepper Motors

TRANSFORMERS

Basic Operating Principles of a Transformer

Induction Motors

Surges caused by the Vacuum Circuit Breaker

SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES

Types of Synchronous Machine

Cylindrical-Rotor Synchronous Generators

Synchronous Motors

Excitation System

INDUCTION MOTOR AND SELF-EXCITED INDUCTION GENERATOR

Basic Construction

Principle of Action

Power Relationship and Torque-Slip Characteristics

Motor Starting

Speed Control

Motoring, Generating, and Plug-Braking Modes of Operation

High-Torque Induction Motors

Single-Phase Induction Motors

Self-Excited Induction Generators

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF MACHINES

2-D Magnetostatic Model

2-D Complex Eddy-Current Model

Rotating Model

Coupled Model

Representation of Skewed Slots

Sinusoidal Pulse-Width Modulation

3-D Model

SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MACHINES AND PERMANENT MAGNET DC BRUSHLESS MACHINES

Rotationary Switched Reluctance Motor

Rotationary Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Machines

The Linear Permanent Magnet Brushless Synchronous Motor (LPMSM)

The Variable Reluctance Linear Motor

INTELLIGENT CONTROL OF MOTORS

Control Methods for Motors

Sensor and Estimation

Intelligent Motors

The Challenges of Intelligent Control

ELECTRIC VEHICLES

Why Electric Vehicles?

Past, Present and Future of EVs

Present Status

Engineering Philosophy of EV Development

EV and HEV Configurations

Electric Propulsion

Energy Sources

EV Infrastructure

ELECTRIC POWER ASSISTED STEERING SYSTEM FOR AUTOMOBILES

Essential components of an EPAS system

Torque sensors for EPAS

Other sensors

Actuators for electric power steering

Operating Conditions and Specifications

EPAS System controller

From EPAS to Steer by Wire

ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS

Energy Storage Systems

Power Electronic Interface

Flexible AC Transmission Systems Devices Most Compatible with Energy Storage Systems

FACTS Plus Energy storage: Utility Application Performance

Energy Storage: Distribution Level Performance

Summary of Performance Consideration

Cost Consideration

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Basic Plasma Properties

Plasma Physics

Types of Plasma

Plasma Diagnostics

Plasma Surface Interactions

Biomaterials

Biomicroelectromechanical Systems (bioMEMs)

POWER SYSTEM TRANSIENTS

MODELLING OF POWER COMPONENTS FOR TRANSIENT ANALYSIS

Introduction

Overhead Lines

Insulated Cables

Transformers

Rotating Machines

Conclusion

CIVIL ENGINEERING

Historical Background of Civil Engineering

Functions of Civil Engineering

Social Development Of Civil Engineering

Prospects for the Twenty-First Century

MINING ENGINEERING AND MINERAL TRANSPORTATION

A Historical Review of Mining Engineering

Features of Mining

Development and Operation of Mine

Mining and Mining Equipments in Underground Mine

Mineral Transportation in Underground Mine

Rock Pressure and Support System in Underground Mine

Surface Mining

Water Drainage and Mine safety

Environmental Impact and Reclamation in Mining

Conclusion

SURFACE MINING METHODS AND EQUIPMENT

Surface Mining Methods

Surface Mining Machinery

UNDERGROUND MINING METHODS AND EQUIPMENT

Underground Mining Methods

Underground Mining Machinery

DRILLING MACHINES

Construction of Drilling Equipment

Mechanical Principles of Percussion Drill

Classification of Rock Drills

Applications of Drilling Equipment

Introduction

OFFSHORE DRILLING AND PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT

Outline of Rotary Drilling Method

Offshore Drilling Structures

Offshore Oil/Gas Production Systems

MINERAL COMMINUTION AND SEPARATION SYSTEMS

Significance of Mineral Beneficiation

Overview of Mineral Processing Systems

Components of Mineral Beneficiation Technology

Comminution System

Gravity Separation

Flotation

Magnetic Separation

Electrostatic Separation

Solid-Liquid Separation and Waste Treatment

Other Methods of Mineral Extraction

Disposal of Solid Wastes and Waste Water Treatment

Conclusion

SURFACE MINING TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

Surface Mining

Equipment Used for Surface Mining

Transportation Management System for Surface Mining

UNDERGROUND MINING TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

From Surface to Underground/Vice Versa

Underground Transport for Materials and Equipment

Ore/Coal Transport

Personnel Transport

MINING AND EXPLORATION FOR MINERAL RESOURCES

Geologic Prospecting

Geophysical Prospecting

Geochemical Prospecting

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND PLANNING

Historical Development of Transportation

Transportation Problems

Mobility and Social, Technological, and Environmental Changes

Can Transportation be Sustainable?

TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

Definitions

Roles and Effects of Transportation Systems

Planning and Control of Future Systems

HIGHWAYS AND PRIVATE MODES OF TRANSPORTATION

Highways and Paths

Highway Law

Highway Planning

Highway Design

Highway Costs

Highway Funding

Highway Engineering

Drivers

Vehicles

Cars and Trucks

Traffic Behavior

Motorcycles

Bicycles

Pedestrians

URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

Classification of Transit Systems

Bus Transit System

Trolleybus System

Rail Transit Systems

Tramway/Streetcar and Light Rail Transit - LRT

Rapid Transit or Metro

Automated Guided Transit Systems

Regional and Commuter Rail

Special Technology Transit Systems

Transit Line Scheduling

Transit Planning and Selection of Transit Modes

Present and Future Role of Urban Transit

PARATRANSIT SYSTEMS

Description of Paratransit Services

Technology

Paratransit Issues

WATER TRANSPORT SYSTEMS AND PORT DEVELOPMENTS

Alternative Propulsion Systems and Vessel Designs

Cargo-Handling Technologies and Port Development

Other Technologies

How Fast Will New Technologies Be Adopted?

RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION

Railroad Technology

Terminals

Railroad Cost Structure

Decreasing Marginal Costs and Regulation

Operations and Service Planning

NETWORK DEVELOPMENTS IN AVIATION

Deregulation of Aviation Markets

Airline Strategies

Airport Strategies

Slot Allocation

AIRPORT DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT

Planning for Airport Development

Financing Airport Projects

Economic Impacts and Economics of Airport Development

Impact of Aircraft Characteristics on Airport Design

Airside Design

Terminal Design

Airport Design for Safety, Environmental Protection, and More

Toward Better Concepts for Airport Design and Development

URBAN TRAVEL

Travel Choices in Large Urban Areas

Equilibria of Travel Choices

Mobility and Vitality

INTERNATIONAL AND INTERREGIONAL TRANSPORTATION

Brief History of Interregional/ International Transportation

Role of International/ Interregional Transportation –Current Situation

New Challenges in Interregional Transportation and Future Prospects

SAFETY OF TRANSPORTATION

Transportation Safety Around the World

Transportation in the United States

MOBILITY AND SOCIAL, TECHNOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES

Mobility and Accessibility

Social and Economic Change, and Technology

Sustaining and Improving Mobility

SOCIAL CHANGE AND DEMAND FOR MOBILITY

Economic Growth and Urbanization

Globalization and Internationalization

Household and Gender Issues

Leisure and Age Distribution

The Telecommunications Revolution

Environmental Awareness

Institutional Change

TRANSPORTATION AND AIR QUALITY

Exhaust Emissions

Air Quality Standards

Historical Trends

Present Trends

Assessment Methods

Reducing Emissions

TRANSPORT AND ENERGY

The Problem

Patterns of Transport Energy Use

Explaining Transport Energy Use Variations

INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

The Technology and Related Services

Benefits

Barriers to Deployment and Related Issues

TELECOMMUICATIONS SUBSTITUTION FOR TRANSPORTATION

Comparing Telecommunication and Transport

Comparing Remoteness and Proximity

How Telecommunication Influences Transportation Demand

The Linkage Between Trip Purposes and Telecommunication Applications

Specific Telecommunication Applications Reduce Travel

Comparing Characteristics and Costs of Travel and Communication

Travel Telesubstitution and Traffic Dynamics

Travel Telesubstitution and Location Dynamics

The Challenge and Opportunity of Telecommunications for Location and Mobility

TRANSPORTATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY: TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION

Transport Innovation Process

Transportation in 2000: Past as Prologue to the Future

Transportation in the Twenty-First Century

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Mechanical Engineering Stages

Scientific and Technological Progress and Mechanical Engineering

Mechanical Engineering in the Twenty-First Century: State of the Art and Prospects for its Development

MECHANICS: STATICS AND DYNAMICS

Introduction

Statics

Dynamics

Conclusions

RELIABILITY, DIAGNOSTICS AND FAULT CORRECTION

The Subject of Reliability Theory

Standardization in Reliability

Reliability and its Components

States, Failures and their Classification

Reliability Measures

Repairable Items

Diagnostics and Condition Monitoring in Mechanical Engineering

Non-Destructive Testing

Fault Correction

Trends and Perspectives

SYSTEM RELIABILITY ANALYSIS

Reliability Measures for Elements

Statistical Estimation of Reliability Measures

Series Configuration Systems

Parallel Configuration Systems

Complex Systems and Redundancy

Fault Tree Analysis

Event Tree Analysis

Two-Side Estimates for Reliability Measures

MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF PHYSICAL RELIABILITY THEORY

Failures in Mechanical Systems

General Concepts of Physical Reliability Theory

Load-Strength Model

Multidimensional Time-independent Models

Cumulative Time-dependent Models

Poisson Models

Failure as the First Excursion of a Random Process

RELIABILITY AGAINST FRACTURE AND FATIGUE

Fracture and Fatigue in Mechanical Engineering

Linear Fracture Mechanics

Nonlinear Fracture Mechanics

Traditional Approach to Fatigue Analysis

Theory of Fatigue Crack Growth

Failure as the Loss of Integrity

FAULT DETECTION AND DIAGNOSTICS OF FAILURES

Basic Concepts

Relationship between Diagnostics and Reliability

Diagnostics aspects at the Design Stage

Diagnostics at the Manufacturing Stage

Diagnostics at the Operational Stage

Diagnostics at the Repair and Storage Stages

NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING

Classification of NDT Methods

Magnetic NDT Methods

Electric NDT Methods

Eddy Current NDT Methods

Microwave NDT Methods

Infrared NDT Methods

Optical NDT Methods

Radiographic NDT Methods

Ultrasonic NDT Methods

Penetrant NDT Methods

Other NDT Methods

FAULT CORRECTION IN MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

General Information about Faults

Defects in Welds, their Causes and Removal

Methods to Minimize Welding Deformations, Stresses and Shifting

Defects in Metallic Casts and Method to eliminate them

Faults in Bearing Joints and Ways to eliminate them

Faults in Motor Vehicle Units and Assemblies and Methods of Removing them

NONLINEAR DEFORMATION AND FRACTURE MECHANICS FOR ENGINEERING APPROACHES IN DESIGN OF STRUCTURES

General Load Conditions for Engineering Structures

Deformation Fracture Criteria under Static and Low Cyclic High Temperatures Loading

Stress-Strain Fracture Criteria under High Cyclic Loading

Stress-Strain Fracture Criteria under Two-Frequency Cyclic Loading

Life Time Prediction in Cycle Loading Condition

Elasto-Plastic Strain at the Crack Initiation in the Notch Affected Area

The Crack Propagation at Low Cycle Loading

The Generalized Effects of Stress and Strain Concentration for Substantiation of Constructions Safety

Engineering Approaches to Design of Structures

INDUSTRIAL AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING

Background

System-Wide Approach

Fundamentals of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering

Definitions and Key Concepts

Management of Operations

System Models for Management of Manufacturing Operations

Human Factors and Ergonomics in Industrial Engineering

Production and Distribution Systems

Manufacturing

Management in Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering

Quality: a Management Philosophy

New Engineering Processes for the Twenty-First Century

Conclusion

TYPES AND PERFORMANCE OF PUMPS AND COMPRESSORS

Classifications of Pumps

Pumps Basic Principles

Pumps Operation

Compressors

INDUSTRIAL AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING

HIERARCHY, COMPLEXITY AND AGENT-BASED MODELS

PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING SYSTEMS

STRESS CLASSIFICATION IN PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING

Introduction

Primary Stress

Secondary Stress

TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES

Telecommunications: Connecting the World

150 Years in a Blink of an Eye: a Very Short History of Telecommunications

What is between Two Telephones?

A Rapid Overview of Mechanisms, Technologies, and Models for Telecommunications Systems and Services

The Wireless World

The Convergence of the Internet and Telecommunication Networks

The Future of Telecommunications

WIRELESS TERRESTRIAL COMMUNICATIONS: NON-TELEPHONY-ORIENTED TECHNOLOGIES

Technical Challenges in Wireless Communications

Overview of Current Wireless Systems and Beyond