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| ENCYCLOPEDIA OF INSTITUTIONAL AND INFRASTRUCTURAL RESOURCES |
HUMAN SETTLEMENT DEVELOPMENT:THE CENTRAL ROLE OF CITIES IN OUR ENVIRONMENT'S FUTURE-CONSTRAINTS AND POSSIBILITIES
Urbanists and Environmentalists
URBAN SUSTAINABILITY AND THE REGIONAL CITY SYSTEM IN THE ASIA PACIFIC
Connecting the Discourse on Urban Sustainability to Globalization
Urban Development in the Asia Pacific Region
The Impacts of the Asian Financial Crisis
Globalization and the Context for Urban Sustainability in the Asia Pacific
World City Formation and Localization
URBAN SUSTAINABILITY, BUILT HERITAGE, AND GLOBALIZATION IN THE CUBAN CAPITAL
Sustainable Development in Havana
Sustainability and Community Participation
Built Heritage and Cultural Tourism
A RURAL MIGRANT COMMUNITY IN URBAN BEIJING
Background of the migrant community and fieldwork
Major findings from this migrant community
BANGKOK: ARE INDUSTRIES GENERATING A SUSTAINABLE CITY?
Urbanization and Environmental Degradation
Towards the Sustainable Development of Bangkok?
Conclusion: Industries and Sustainable Development
SETTLEMENTS AS SOCIO-TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEMS: STUDY OF SINGAPORE AS AN URBAN ECO-SYSTEM
Case-Study of the Island and City-State of Singapore
Economic Planning and Development in Singapore
Managing Changes in the Physical Environment of Singapore
Environmental Policy and Environmental Management
Enforcement of Environmental Rules and Regulations
SUSTAINABLE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN A MEDIUM-SIZED CITY: THE EXAMPLE OF FREIBURG, GERMANY
The Local Implementation of Sustainable Human Development
Conclusion—Freiburg’s Scope for Local Action towards Sustainability
MEGALOPOLITAN DEVELOPMENT AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF RURAL JAPAN: SUSTAINABILITY IMPLICATIONS OF EXTENDED METROPOLITAN REGIONS IN ASIA
From Megalopolis to Extended Metropolitan Regions
The Melting of Rural and Urban in the Tokaido Megalopolis
Sustainability Issues of Extended Metropolitan Regions
Lessons of the Japanese Extended Metropolitan Regions Experience
CITIES, COMPETITIVENESS AND COHESION: EVIDENCE FROM CENTRAL SCOTLAND
Measuring City Competitiveness
FREE-TRADE AND CHANGING PATTERNS OF CITYWARD MIGRATION: THE CASE OF MEXICO
Introduction: Migration Patterns during the Era of Import Substitution
The Great Turn-around of the 1980s and 1990s
Integration, Disintegration and Migration
The Transformation of the Position of Mexico City in the 1980s
The 1990s: Will Mexico City Renew its Position as an Immigration Pole?
SUPPORTING URBAN SMALL-SCALE MANUFACTURERS: THE CASE OF EMERGING BLACK-OWNED ENTERPRISES IN GAUTENG, SOUTH AFRICA
Gauteng’s Emerging Manufacturers: A Profile
The Macro-Policy Environment – Provincial and Local
THE CITY AS A SOCIO-TECHNOLOGICAL SITE: THE CASE OF EXCHANGES IN FINANCIAL CENTERS
Introduction: Innovations in Social Time
Technological Sites as Centers of Calculation
The Case of Global Financial Corporations and Futures Exchanges
Changes in Technology and Knowledge and their Impact on Space
Performativity and Knowledge: Market Simplification and Disembedding
Conclusion: the City as a Techno-system
PERI-URBANIZATION: ZONES OF RURAL - URBAN TRANSITION
Peri-Urbanization in East Asia: Comparative Context
The Case of the Hangzhou–Ningbo Corridor
PLANNING THE SUSTAINABLE CITY: A POLITICAL ECOLOGY OF URBAN GROWTH IN ZANZIBAR
The Sustainable Cities Program and Environmental Sustainability
Land Use and Environmental Sustainability in Zanzibar City
Flexibility, Political Will, and Cost-Effectiveness
POVERTY REDUCTION IN INDIA : TOWARDS BUILDING SUCCESSFUL SLUM-UPGRADING STRATEGIES
Poverty in India – The Bigger Picture
Definitions and Indicators of Urban Poverty
Key Factors Affecting Urban Poverty in India
Rules of Anti-Poverty Program Design in the Urban Context
Slum Improvement Programs in India
Outcomes of Slum Improvement Projects (SIPs) in India
Reflections on the Rules for Anti-Poverty Program Design
New Approach to Urban Anti-Poverty Program Design
URBANIZATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION IN JORDAN
Interaction between Urbanization and Agriculture in Drylands
Urban-Rural Dynamics in Jordan: Historical Context
Environmental Management: Consumption and Degradation at the Desert Margin
LIVELIHOODS, URBANIZATION AND THE RURAL-URBAN INTERFACE IN AFRICAN GROWTH-BASED ECONOMIES: THE CASE OF BOTSWANA
Introduction: Urbanization and Growth-based Macro-economic Performance
Urbanization and the Rural-urban Interface in Botswana
A Short Note on Urban Policies and Economic and Social Developments in Botswana
Instrumentalizing Urban-rural Linkages
New Patterns of Social Vulnerability in the Wake of Urbanization
Conclusion: Urbanization will Rapidly Carry on—What must be Done?
SURVIVAL STRATEGIES AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF KIOSKS IN MOSHI, TANZANIA
Contemporary Kiosk Owners: From Survival Strategy to Development Strategy
Growth of Kiosks: Some Contributing Factors
Risks and Problems Associated with Kiosk Business
URBAN SUSTAINABILITY: THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON INTEGRATING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND THE ENVIRONMENT
WATER AND SUSTAINABILITY IN ASIAN MEGALOPOLISES: THE CASE OF BEIJING
The Case of Beijing: The Early Years
The Case of Beijing: Beyond Expansion
A CASE STUDY OF MITIGATING AIR POLLUTION EMISSIONS AT TRAFFIC LIGHT JUNCTIONS
Factors Contributing to Traffic Congestion
Pollutant Emissions at Traffic Light Junction
URBANIZATION AND DESERTIFICATION IN EUROPEAN MEDITERRANEAN COASTAL AREAS: A CASE STUDY IN NORTH-WESTERN SARDINIA (ALGHERO, ITALY)
Conclusions: the Need for a Local Plan of Action towards Sustainability
THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF BOMBING ON INDUSTRIAL SITES THROUGHOUT YUGOSLAVIA DURING THE 1999 CONFLICT
Main Chemical Substances Emitted as a Result of NATO Air Campaign
The Pollution Recorded at Several Industrial Hot-spots
The Use of Depleted Uranium—a Risk for Human Health and the Environment.
URBAN SOCIAL VULNERABILITY TO DISASTER IN GREATER LOS ANGELES
Greater Los Angeles: Background
Risk, Hazard, and Vulnerability: Place, Perception, and Politics
In-depth Case Studies: Two Coastal Communities
SHANGHAI: POPULATION PLANNING AND URBAN SUSTAINABILITY
Population Growth and Urbanization in Shanghai
Urbanization and Rising Consumption
Urbanization, Resource Depletion and Environmental Pollution
Move towards Urban Sustainability in Shanghai
Indicators to Measure Shanghai’s Sustainability: A Case Study
URBAN SUSTAINABLE INDICATORS - A CASE STUDY FROM HONG KONG
Sustainable framework for policy-makers
Sustainable indicators and a decision support tool
Some Other Approaches: United Nations Indicators of Sustainable Development
Some Other Approaches: European Common Indicators of Sustainable Development
RURAL SUSTAINABILITY
Rural Milieus and their Populations in Metropolitan and Urban Regions
TRADITIONAL LAND USE FOR SUSTAINABLE LAND USE: THE CASE OF YUNNAN PROVINCE, CHINA
General Situation of Yunnan Province
Analysis over Several TLU Modes at County and Village Level (or the Scale of Landscape)
Analysis of the TLU Modes at the Household Level
Summary of Features and Ecological, Economic, and Social Effects of TLU
Building on TLU for Sustainable Land Use and Agriculture
REGIONAL RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN PUNJAB PROVINCE: AN ENVIRONMENT-BASED APPROACH FOR GUIDING DECISIONS ON INDUSTRIAL LOCATION
The Environment-based Approach and Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)
The Case Study Area: Punjab Province
Pollution Assimilative Capacity of Nature
INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS AND THEIR UPGRADING: BUILDING ON THE LESSONS OF THREE DECADES OF EXPERIENCE
Nature and Evolution of Informal Settlements Upgrading
RURBANIZATION IN THE REGIONAL PERIPHERY OF CENTRAL MEXICO
Characteristics of the Central Region
Periurban Agriculture in the Central Region
INTEGRATED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT: BASIC CONCEPTS AND ISSUES
Watershed Approach to Conservation and Development
Level of Watershed as Management Planning Unit
Costs and Benefits of Watershed Management
Major Issues in Watershed Management
Determinants of Watershed Status
Approach to Watershed Management
MINERAL EXTRACTION, ECONOMY AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT: THE ROLE OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN ECONOMIES IN TRANSITION AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Mineral Extraction, FDI and Urbanization
Possible Destabilization of Urban Development due to FDI in the CEE Region
Benefits of FDI for Host Countries
Environmental and Social Consequences Related to FDI in Mineral Extraction
SUSTAINABLE FUTURE URBAN PATTERNS AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES OF TROPICAL WETLANDS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
Traditional Socio-economic Activities
Monetary Socio-economic Activities
Modern Socio-economic Industrial Development
USING FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT TO IMPROVE URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES- THE CASE OF HANOI, VIETNAM
Arguments for and against Private Provision of Water Supply and Sanitation Services (WSSS)
Historical Process of Private Participation in WSSS
Options of Private Foreign Participation in Urban Environmental Infrastructure
What Will It Take to Attract FDI for the Provision of WSSS?
TEMPORARY MIGRANTS IN SHANGHAI, CHINA: HOUSING CHOICES AND PATTERNS
Studying Migrant Housing in China’s Context
Individual-level Determinants of Migrant Housing Choices
Geographical Distribution of Migrants
RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY, PLANNING AND PRACTICE IN CITIES AND CITY REGIONS
Cultural Shifts towards Sustainable Urban Energy Development
Solar City, a Blueprint for Integrated Urban Planning
SELF-SUSTAINABILITY FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF WATER CYCLES AT THE LOCAL LEVEL
Savonarola Neighbourhood Contract, Padua, Italy
INDICATORS OF URBAN SUSTAINABILITY IN THE UNITED STATES: A FRAMEWORK FOR MEASURING PROGRESS
The Santa Monica Indicator Program
URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY IN NIGERIA
Infrastructure Development and the Nigerian Urban Environment
State Provision: An Illusion? Reflections on Benin City
Urban Partnership Initiatives: The Sustainable Ibadan Project
Implications for Urban Infrastructure and Development
ORGANIZATIONAL PUZZLE OF HOUSEHOLD SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN PORTO-NOVO
Theoretical Considerations about Infrastructure and Urban Ecology
The Main Features of Porto-Novo’s Current Household Solid Waste Management System
Restructuring in the Household Solid Waste Management System
Analysis of Actors’ Perception of Structural Change
Policy Implications and Concluding Comments
THE LONG ROAD TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE CITIES : THE DUTCH CASE
Ecological Footprint of Cities
Areas, Actors and Material Flows: the three Pillars of Urban Sustainability
Public Transport Infrastructure: The Breakthrough of Light Rail in Urbanized Regions
URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION AND THE QUANTIFIABLE CONSEQUENCES OF INEFFICIENT PLANNING ON URBAN SUSTAINABILITY
Introduction: Bringing Freight Transportation back into the Urban Sustainability Debate
Urban Freight Transportation and Urban Sustainability
Case Study: Quantifying Diseconomies in the City of Petropolis, Brazil
The “Monetarization of Externalities”: Policy Implications
TRANSPORTATION AND URBAN SUSTAINABILITY
Current Trends in Transportation Systems
Elements of Transportation Systems
Sustainable Transportation Strategies
Approaches to Sustainable Transportation Strategies
INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT AS "SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT": A BANGLADESH CASE STUDY
Roads and Rural Development in Bangladesh: Shifts in Goals and Orientation
A Summary of Impacts of Road Improvements on the Livelihoods of Local People
LAND TRANSPORT POLICIES AND STRATEGIES FOR A SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT SYSTEM
ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION INDICATORS FOR UPGRADED SLUMS: THE CASE OF JARDIM FLORESTA SLUM (FAVELA) IN THE CITY OF SÃO PAULO
Slums and Their Inter-Relations
Environmental Sanitation Indicator - Esi
Environmental Sanitation Indicator for Slums - Esi/S
Selection of the Area for the Case Study
Confirmation of the Applicability of the Proposed Model
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THIRD WORLD CITIES: LESSONS LEARNED AND A PROPOSAL FOR IMPROVEMENT
Municipal Solid Waste Management in Third World Cities: An Overview
MSWM in the First and Third World: A Comparison
Informal Refuse Collection and Scavenging
Evaluating the Impacts of and Response to Scavenging
Proposal for a Decentralized MSWM System
ENVIRONMENTAL LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT AND MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Environmental and Economic Relevance of MSW Systems
Introduction to Life Cycle Assessment
LCA Studies Comparing Incineration and Recycling of Paper
Applications of Systems Models and LCA to MSW Management
URBAN DIMENSIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Introduction: the Local Front of Sustainable Development
World Cities in the Era of Sustainable Development
Urban Ecological Challenges and Responses
Social Justice as a Sin Equa Non-condition for Urban Sustainability
Sustainable Regeneration and Urban Economic Development
Institutional Architecture and Strategic Planning
URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS: IMPLICATIONS OF RAPID URBANIZATION WITHOUT ADEQUATE URBAN GOVERNANCE IN LESOTHO
Urban Development and Services
Environmental and Social Problems and their Implications
Conclusions and Recommendations
MEXICO CITY: INDIVIDUAL AND COLLECTIVE RESPONSES TO URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION
Industrialization and Population Growth
The Recent Environmental Crisis
The Middle Class as a Research Focus
Out-migration by Middle-Class Families
Social Participation by Middle-Class Women
CONFLICT IN PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT: LESSONS FOR EMPOWERMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY FROM SOUTH AFRICA
Findings from the Case Studies
SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION BALANCES ECONOMIC VIABILITY, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND SOCIAL EQUITY: THE CASE OF BOGOTÁ COLUMBIA
The Case Study of Bogotá: Background Information
Beyond Buses: Public Space and Bicycles
Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial
THE POLITICAL AND SOCIAL AGENDA IN POLICY-MAKING IN THE URBAN SECTOR: THE CASE OF EGYPT (1950S-1990S)
An Overview of Egypt’s Shelter Problem
The State, Domestic Determinants and Foreign Policy in Three Eras
The Political Economy of Shelter
DECENTRALIZATION AND SUSTAINABLE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: AN ANALYSIS OF LOCAL AND MUNICIPAL COUNCILS IN IRAN
Struggle for Participation and the Making of the Councils
Prospects for Development and Democratization
RURAL DEVELOPMENT: PARTICIPATION AND DIVERSITY FOR SUSTAINABILITY
Linkages between Rural and Urban Sustainability
Populations as Driving Force of Rural Change
A Case for Diversity and Participation
INVESTIGATING THE CONCEPTS OF LEGALITY AND LEGITIMACY IN SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT: A CASE STUDY OF LAND USE PLANNING IN MAPUTO, MOZAMBIQUE
The Legal and Regulatory Basis for Urban Development in Mozambique
Social Legitimacy and Sustainable Urban Development
PATTERNS OF ECONOMIC AFFLUENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION IN HOUSTON, TEXAS
Air Pollution and Ill-Health in Cities
Growing Affluence and Increasing Pollution over Time
The Population and the Problem of Air Pollution
Indicators of Sustainability: Air Quality and Health Care
COPING WITH URBAN SOCIAL VULNERABILITY TO HAZARDS IN TOKYO: CURRENT STATUS OF DISASTER MITIGATION PLANS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS
Disaster Mitigation Plans of Tokyo
Consideration of Urban Social Vulnerability to Hazards in Tokyo
Potential Roles of Non-Governmental Organizations
Integrating Resources of Various Organizations into Municipal Disaster Mitigation Plans
THE DEGRADATION OF WORK IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY: LOW INCOME WOMEN AND THE PRECARIOUS LABOR MARKET IN SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL
Soaring Unemployment and Numbers of Unregistered Workers: Labor Statistics and Laws
Outsourcing of Production—the Resurgence of Homework and Sweatshops
Union Strategies to Prevent Precarization
VICTIMS, VILLAINS, AND FIXERS: THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT AND JOHANNESBURG'S POOR
Urban Poverty and the Urban Environment
From Heroes to Villains and the Struggle for Urban Services
Who are the Fixers? It cannot be Business as Usual
URBAN SEGREGATION AND SUSTAINABILITY IN SAO PAULO, BRAZIL
São Paulo Environmental Features
The Segregated Growth of the Urbanized Area
Recent Metropolitan Economic Performance
Housing Segregation in the 1990s.
Air Pollution and Impediments to Mobility
THE FIVE CITIES OF BUENOS AIRES: POVERTY AND INEQUALITY IN URBAN ARGENTINA
Introduction: Setting the Context
The Federal Capital: The Five Cities of Buenos Aires
MISSING LINKS: NEIGHBORHOOD AND STATE INITIATIVES AGAINST CRIME IN CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA
Community-based Initiatives for Crime Prevention and Safety and Security
State Initiatives to Improve Community Safety and Security
THE CITIES, THE STATE AND THE MARKETS: IN SEARCH OF SUSTAINABILITY
Development Strategies and Urban Policies: Basic Links.
The Economic Role of the Cities in a Changing World Economy
Urban Policies and Environmental Sustainability: Particular Interactions.
THE EFFECTS OF THE TRANSITION IN HUNGARY ON THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT
Post Transition Changes in Transport Policy
The Causes of Sprawl in Budapest
THE ROLE OF CLIENTELISM IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: CASE STUDY, KOCAELI, TURKEY
Structural Adjustment Program: Changes in the Economy and Governmental Structures
GREENING LONDON: SUSTAINABILITY, POLITICS AND THE THIRD WAY
Sustainability and the Third Way
Sustainability as Implementation
THE NATIONAL-LOCAL POLICY VACUUM IN SUSTAINABLE LAND USE PLANNING: AL QATIF OASIS, SAUDI ARABIA
Setting the Scene: Oases in Saudi Arabia
Policy Integration and Co-operation
Towards Sustainable Development in the Oasis
TECHNICAL PROCESS, POLITICAL REALTIES: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND THE SOUTH DURBAN STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
Technical Processes, Political Realities
The South Durban Strategic Environmental Assessment
Implications for Environmental Politics
INTERPRETING THE REGULATORY GEOGRAPHY OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: THE RISE OF THE SUSTAINABLE CITY IN THE UK
Reinterpreting the Regulation Approach
The Coming of the Sustainable City: the Re-regulation of Britain’s Urban Economy
Sustainable Development and the Regulation Approach
THE MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING ON CHILD LABOR, EXPORT-ORIENTED GARMENT PRODUCTION IN BANGLADESH AND URBAN SUSTAINABILITY
The Campaign against the Use of Child Labor in the Bangladeshi Export-Oriented Garment Industry
The Origins of the Campaign in the United States
The Use of Child Labor in Bangladesh
The Harkin Bill and its Effects
Garments in Dhaka: A Map of the City
The Signing and Implementation of the MOU
The MOU, Child Labor and Urban Sustainability
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY: AN INTRODUCTION
Public Policymaking and Organizational Context
Development of Administration: Ancient
PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXT
SOCIAL DIVERSITY AND DEVELOPMENT POLICY: THE USE OF CONSTRAINTS AND INCENTIVES
Goals and Requirements of Development
State Intervention and Development
A Proposal for Effective Decision making
POLITICAL PARTIES: PRINCIPAL ARENAS OF POLICYMAKING CONFLICT
A Brief Institutional History of Parties
Types of Party System and their Policymaking Consequences
Party Functions and External Relationships
Factionalism and the Nominating Process
Political Parties as Planning Agencies and Policy Advocates
Cases of Political Parties’ Impact on Life-Support Policies
Future Development of Political Parties
Rights and Responsibilities of Political Parties
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN TODAY'S WORLD OF ORGANIZATIONS AND MARKETS
Research on Complex Organizations
Markets as Coordinating Mechanisms
From a Market Economy to an Organizational Economy
Organizational Innovation and Adaptation to Change
PLANNED ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE: ESSENTIALS FOR CONSTRUCTIVE ACTION
Organizations: delineations and specifics
Context of change intervention
Change components and their dynamic relationships
ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE: UNDERSTANDING THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS
Early History and Recent Development of the Study of Organizational Culture
Modern Organizational Culture in Public Agencies
Deciphering an Organization’s Culture
DEVELOPMENT OF ADMINISTRATION: ANCIENT EXPERIENCES
PERSIAN LEGACIES OF BUREAUCRACY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Early Iran, prior to the Persian Empire
The World-State Persian Empire
Administrative Reforms of Darius
Persian Legacies towards Administration
DEVELOPMENT OF AFRICAN ADMINISTRATION: PRE-COLONIAL TIMES AND SINCE
The Pre-colonial Period: From the Ashes of Pharaohs to the Berlin Conference
The Post-Colonial Administration and Problems of Development
POLITICS IN THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST
Ruling and Abiding by the Rules
ANCIENT BUREAUCRACIES OF INDIA AND CHINA, AND MODERN ADMINISTRATION
Indian and Chinese Evolution: Critical Comparisons
Confucian Brahmins and Kautilyan Mandarins
Some Lessons from Comparative Survey
MODERN SYSTEMS
FRENCH PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
History of French Administration
The Constitution of the Fifth Republic
The Role of State in French political Culture
Relation of Administration to the Private Sector
Decentralization and the Prefect
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN AMERICA: THE EXCEPTIONALISM OF A HYBRID BUREAUCRACY
POLITICS AND ANTI-POLITICS: AMERICAN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
Stunted and Truncated: Public Administration in the Nineteenth Century
A Gentlemanly but Political Public Service
Reform: Honesty and Anti-Politics
Nirvana Attained: The Civil Service Act of 1883
The Merit Principle and American Governments
Reform: The Foundation for the Next Century
CONTEMPORARY DEVELOPMENTS
NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT: ORIGINS, DIMENSIONS AND CRITICAL IMPLICATIONS
Origin and Globalization of New Public Management
Rationales and Causes of New Public Management
Major Dimensions of New Public Management
Critical Implications of New Public Management
Limits and Prospects of New Public Management
STRATEGIES OF SUCCESSFUL ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS
REFORMS IN THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION SYSTEMS IN NEW ZEALAND
GOVERNANCE, FACILITATIVE STATES AND TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Governance and Facilitative Institutions
Varied and Shared Public Administration Frameworks Within and Among Nations
International Perspectives and Shared Paradoxes of Public Administration
THE INTERNET, GOVERNMENTS AND THE ISSUE OF GOVERNANCE: A NEW CARTOGRAPHY OF POWER?
Towards a New Globalized Economy : A New Architecture
Sovereignty, Electronic Commerce and Globalization
Developing a New Global Framework for Electronic Commerce
Redefining the Role of Governments
ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT
CONTEMPORARY PUBLIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS: PATRONAGE, CIVIL SERVICE, PRIVATIZATION, AND SERVICE CONTRACTS
Public Personnel Management Functions
Public Jobs as Scarce Resources
Traditional Systems: Patronage, Civil Service, Collective Bargaining, and Affirmative Action
Conflict and Compromise among Alternative Public Personnel Systems
Service Contracting and Privatization Outcomes in Developed and Less developed Countries
REVISITING BUDGETARY INCREMENTALISM
Broader Context, Limited Horizon
Contradictions: Holding on and Letting go
BUDGETING FOR GOVERNMENT ACTIVISM AND DEMOCRACY
Budgeting for Government Activism
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT AND LIFE SUPPORT PROGRAMS
Scope of Life Support Programs
Differences between Industrial and Developing Countries
ELUSIVE NEXUS: BASIC NEEDS AND FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION
An Empirical Test of the Common Ground
MEASURING PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC SECTOR PROGRAMS
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
Administrative Power, Discretion, and the Rule of Law
The Legal Status of Public Agencies and Administrators
External Review of Agency Operations
THE OMBUDSMAN OFFICE
The Historical Creation of Ombudsman Offices
The Current State of the Ombudsman Concept
The Ombudsman Office in the Context of other Correction Mechanisms
The Effectiveness of the Ombudsman
ETHICS IN PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS
Ethics at the Institutional Level
Ethics at the Organizational Level
Ethics at the Individual Public Servant Level
PUBLIC POLICY
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND DIFFUSION
The Beginnings of Technology Dissemination
The Process of Technology Dissemination
Policy and Practice in Technology Dissemination
Technology Dissemination: Prospects and Ramifications
INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AS A LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM RESPONSE
Environmental Policy Challenges in the Twenty-First Century
Environmental Policy as a Response System
DEVELOPMENTAL ISSUES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY IN SOUTH AFRICA
Growth, Development and the Environment
Natural Resource Economics Policy in South Africa
The Design of Environmental Policy
Environmental Management as an Integral Part of Business Strategy
CORRUPTION IN ASIAN COUNTRIES: CAN IT BE MINIMIZED?
POLITICS OF PREFERENCE: LESSONS FROM INDIA, THE UNITED STATES AND SOUTH AFRICA
THE ROLE OF BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY
Evolution of Corporate Charters and Stock Markets
Globalization of Corporations, Technology, Markets, and Finance
Rethinking Capitalism beyond Textbook Models of the Public and Private Sectors
Changing Scorecards of Progress
New Business Models of Capitalism
Toward "Stakeholder Capitalism"
The Role of Corporations in Voluntary Standard Setting and Codes of Conduct
Obligations of Corporations and Business to Enhance Life Support Systems
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT:THE ROLE OF BUSINESS
Introduction: Why Is the Role of Business So Important for Sustainable Development?
Why Is It in a Business’ Interest to be Environmentally Sustainable?
What Is the Role of Business for Sustainable Development?
INSTITUTIONAL DIMENSIONS OF GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE
Institutions and Environmental Change
The Nature and Role of Institutions
NEW PRINCIPLES OF GOVERNANCE IN THE GLOBAL AGE
Remarks on the Trends in Power Politics
Institutional Aspects of Global Governance
Changing Role of the Nation-state
Regional Institutions and Local Governance
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY:MANAGING AND MINIMIZING THE ABUSE OF POWER
THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AND INSTITUTIONS
History – Toward the Formation of the Nation State
Functions and Structures of International Law and Institutions
Growing Political and Economic Interdependency within Institutional Settings
International Trade, Global Prosperity and Free Trade Hypocrisy
International Environmental Law and the Need for Multilateral Action
International High Technology Policy and the Digital Divide
New Directions in International Law
INTERNATIONAL LEGAL AND ECONOMIC ISSUES: GLOBALIZATION AND THE STRUGGLE FOR LOCAL CONTROL
Theoretical Overview: Efficiency and Equity Concerns
The Drive toward Legal and Economic Integration in Europe
The Drive toward Legal and Economic Integration in North America
A Contrast in Regional Integration Movements
Relationship to Articles within this Topic
INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAW
The Most-Favored Nation Clause: GATT Article I
National Treatment with Respect to Internal Taxation and Regulations: GATT Article III
GATT Article XI: General Elimination of Quantitative Restrictions
Article XX: General Exceptions to the GATT
INTERNATIONAL LAW AND THE USE OF FORCE
Content of the Prohibition of the Use of Force
INTERNATIONAL LAW REGARDING THE CONDUCT OF WAR
Principles of the jus in bello
New Directions and Developments
INTERNATIONAL LAW AND SOVEREIGNTY IN THE AGE OF GLOBALIZATION
Territory and Public International Law
Territory, Jurisdiction, and Environmental Policy
HUMAN RIGHTS TREATIES AND AGREEMENTS
The International System of Human Rights Protection
Regional Protection of Human Rights
INTERNATIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS
INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
Introduction: The Goals of International Environmental Law
Context: The Development and Limitations of International Environmental Law
Transboundary Environmental Harm: Problems Originating in One State and Felt in Another
A Special Problem: The Protection of Endangered Species
An Indispensable Resource: The Protection of Fresh Water
An Old Threat with New Potential to Cause Harm: The Environment and War
OIL SUPPLY, OIL SECURITY, AND ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES IN INTERNATIONAL LAW
Sovereignty Over Natural Resources: The Legal Dimension
The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
The International Energy Agency
Oil and the Environment, Global Warming
TRANSBOUNDARY ENVIRONMENTAL HARM AND STATE RESPONSIBILITY : CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW
Customary International Law Approaches to Transboundary Environmental Harm
Absolute Territorial Sovereignty: The Harmon Doctrine
Absolute Territorial Integrity
Limited Territorial Sovereignty
INTERNATIONAL LAW AND THE PROTECTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Major Developments in the International Law of Marine Environmental Conservation
Marine Wildlife Conservation in Law and Policy
LAW REGARDING PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT DURING WARTIME
Conventional International Law
Trends in the Development of International Law Protecting the Environment During Wartime
ENDANGERED SPECIES AND INTERNATIONAL LAW
The Stockholm and Rio Declarations
INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Institutional Framework within the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organization
The Committee on Trade and Environment’s Agenda: Flashpoints of the Trade and Environment Debate
Trade-Related Measures in International Environmental Agreements
Unilateral Trade-Related Environmental Measures
Perspectives for a Millennium Round
LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS:LAW AND POLICY
A Growing Consensus for Law and Policy to Support Sustainable Development
The Split Personality of Environmental and Natural Resources Law
Legal Structures to Incorporate the Findings of Environmental Science
Legal Structures to Incorporate the Precepts of Environmental Economics
First Steps to Creating Sustainable Development Law
Competing Values: Forging the Link Between Environmental Ethics and Legal Ethics
INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND STANDARDS:FOUR WAYS THEY CAN BE ESTABLISHED
Professional Organizations and Best Practices
Quasi-Official Organizations and Standards
United Nations Agencies and Guidelines
TREATIES AS A SOURCE OF INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
Practicalities of Treaty-Making
Special Features of Environmental Treaty-Making
Advantages and Disadvantages of Treaty-Making
STRENGTHENING THE GLOBAL TREATY-MAKING SYSTEM
Global Sustainable Development Responsibilities
Transnational Concerns About Global Sustainable Development
Global Treaty-Making as a Method of Addressing Global-Sustainable Development
Weaknesses of the Current Global Treaty-making System
Strengthening the Global Treaty-making System
THE LEGAL PRINCIPLES RELATING TO CLIMATE CHANGE
Relevant Rules of General International Law
Specifics of the Climate Change Regime
INTERNATIONAL LAW ON BIOTECHNOLOGY
The Background of International Law on Biotechnology
International Agreements and Rules on Biotechnology
Jurisprudence of International Law on Biotechnology
The Future of International Law on Biotechnology
CULTURAL DIVERSITY AND INTERNATIONAL LAW
Conceptualizing "Cultural Diversity" in International Law
Emergence and Evolution of Cultural Diversity as a Concept of International Law
2009 UNESCO World Report Setting the Trend in International Law: From Theory to Practice
International Instruments on the Issue of Cultural Diversity
INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES INVOLVING ETHICS AND JUSTICE
Approaches to ethics: justification and adjudication
Ethics and the idea of community
Levels of ethics: personal, professional, institutional, global
Sustainability and development
ETHICS FUNDAMENTALS AND APPROACHES TO ETHICS
SURVIVAL, SOCIETY, AND ETHICS IN HUMAN EVOLUTION
SOCIETY, ETHICS, AND THE ANTHROPOLOGIST
CULTURAL RELATIVISM
Descriptive Cultural Relativism
Epistemological Cultural Relativism
Cultural Relativism and Human Rights
CONSEQUENTIALISM
The Character of Consequentialism
The Structure of Consequentialism
Some Consequentialist Theories
Objections to Consequentialism
Prospects for Future Development
RIGHTS
Who or What Can Possess a Right?
What Can Be the Content of a Right? What Sort of Things Are There Rights To?
The Roots of Rights—Social Constructs or an Essential Moral Concept?
Environmental Rights and Duties
VIRTUES
COMMUNITARIAN VALUES
The Communitarian Critique of Liberalism
PERPECTIVES ON ETHICS
Human Actions as Subject to Ethical Obligations
The Source and Construction of Ethical Obligations
What Other Entities Deserve Our Ethical Recognition?
Questions of the Good Life and Questions of Genuine Ethics
Three Zones of Political Justice
Sustainable Development and Different Sorts of Ethics
PERSONAL ETHICS
Personal Ethics as Moral Commitment
Personal Ethics as a Challenge to the Universalization Principle
Personal Ethics as Exercising Virtues
Virtues and Community: A Modern Reformulation of Ethics of Virtue
THE PHILOSOPHY OF PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
Three Types of Professional Ethics
Goals of Professional Work and Their Problems
Normative and Evaluative Elements in Professional Work
Progress and Rationality in Engineering Ethics
INSTITUTIONAL ETHICS
The Institution as a Moral Agent
Indications That Institutions Should Be Considered Moral Agents
Institutional Agent Properties
The Moral Importance of Institutions—Impact
Individuals Fulfilling Moral Obligations Through Institutions
Moral Records and the Grounds for Blaming
Institutionalizing Institutional Responsibility
Ethical Misconduct and Institutional Loyalty—Whistle Blowing
Institutional Ethics and Ethical Platforms
Institutional Behavior, Moral, and Non-Moral Motives—Prudence
Impact on a Collective and on an Individual Level
Knowledge and Responsibility—Sagesse Oblige
Knowledge and Application of Knowledge
Institutions—Relevant and Irrelevant Types
GLOBAL ETHICS
The Implications of a Particular Global Ethic
Arguments against a Cosmopolitan Ethic for Individuals
Three Types of Normative International Relations Theory
Objections to Non-Cosmopolitan Theories
Comparison with the Encyclopedia’s Goals
Varieties of Cosmopolitanism/Global Ethics
Other Theories and the Challenge of Non-Anthropocentric Values
JUSTICE ESSENTIALS
The Elements of Justice and Theories of Justice
Justice as Rational Agreements for Mutual Benefit
Desert, Merit and Distributive Justice
ECONOMIC JUSTICE
CULTURAL JUSTICE
Cultural Justice and Colonial Societies
Culture, Justice, and Globalization
INTERGENERATIONAL JUSTICE
Moral Sensibility for Unborn Generations
Future Generations Are Disadvantaged
Degradation in the Quality of Environmental and Cultural Life
Conserving the Common Heritage for Future Generations
A "Guardian" for Future Generations
Rawls’ "Just Saving Principle" and Future Generations
The Relational Theory of Intergenerational Justice
ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE
Distributive Environmental Justice for Humans
Justice for Future Generations
Minimalist Methodologies of Closure
Regan, Rights, and Vegetarian Justice
Anthropocentrism, Justice, and the Othering of Nature
Othering as an Impediment to Justice
RECTIFICATORY JUSTICE: RIGHTING PAST WRONGS
Placing Goals and Tools in Context
ETHICS AND JUSTICE NEEDS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Sustainable Development, Environmentalisms, and Justice
Ethics, Justice, and Human Rights
Ecological Rationality, Justice, and the Development Project
Women and the Challenges of Sustainable Development
International Development Agencies and Sustainable Development
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
International Relations and Sustainable Development
Global and Local Dimensions, and the Management of Interdependence
Distributive and Equity Issues
COMBATING POVERTY
Mitigating Poverty With Solidarity: Charity for the Poor
Fighting Poverty through the Economy: The Generation of Wealth
The Struggle through Sharing: The Role of the State
The Struggle through Ideology: The Promise of Equality
The Struggle through Integration: The Global Market
The Struggle through Ethics: Direct Confrontation
WOMEN AND DEVELOPMENT
Critique of the Discourse of Development
Integrating Women into Development
Women in Development: Issues and Problems
Women, Globalization, and Development
Visions for Change: Ways Forward
INDIGENOUS PEOPLE AND THEIR COMMUNITIES
Land Tenure and Self-Determination
CHANGING PATTERNS OF CONSUMPTION
Overconsumption and Overpopulation
POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE
Population, Natural Resources, and the Environment
Population, Food, and Technologies
HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT: ETHICS AND JUSTICE NEEDS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
Prelude to the Appropriate Technology Transfer Debate
Clarifying the Debate on Appropriate Technology Transfer
Technological Dualism and Appropriate Technology
The Universe of Appropriate Technology and Its Transferability
Channels and Mechanisms for Appropriate Technology Transfer
Appropriate Technology Transfer and Socio-Technical Infrastructure
Appropriate Technology Transfer or Endogenous Technological Development?
Policy Options for Endogenous Technological Capabilities
ENVIRONMENT WELL-BEING AND HUMAN WELL-BEING
Trends in Education, Workforce, and Professional Practice
BIODIVERSITY AND SOCIAL WELLBEING: THE CASE OF SOUTH AMERICA
Current Ecological and Social Problems in South America
Diversity and Homogenization in Southern South America since European Colonization
Propositions to Attenuate Eco-Cultural Homogenization and Conflicts in South America
YOUTH, DEVELOPMENT, AND SUSTAINABILITY
Social Institutional Systems and Services for Youth
Issues of Development and Sustainability
Is Sustainable Development Possible?
INSTITUTIONAL GLOBAL ETHICS: APPLICATIONS
Introduction: The Morality-Laden Nature of the Concept of Sustainability
Kantian Ethics and Duty-Based Sustainability
Utilitarianism and Utility-Based Sustainability
Other Ethical Approaches: Perfectionism, Community-Based Ethics, and Biocentric Ethics
THE IMPORTANCE OF ETHICAL PRINCIPLES IN INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Traditional Environmental Protection Motivations: Regulations and Profit
The Ethical Aspects of Corporate Environmental Decisions
Obstacles to Ethical Decision Making
THE GLOBALIZATION OF ETHICS IN SCIENCE
Oaths, Pledges, Codes, and Guidelines
Three Problems for Ethical Globalization
INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR ETHICS AND JUSTICE
Sustainability and the Quest for Global Institutions for Ethics and Justice
Problems for Global Justice and Ethics Institutions
Models for Institutionalizing Ethics and Justice
What Kind of Institutions Do We Need?
BUILDING ETHICS INTO INSTITUTIONS
From Individual Ethics to Institutional Ethics
What Does It Mean To Institutionalize Ethics?
Organization Theory and Institutional Ethics
ECONOMIC SECURITY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Ecological and Economic Distribution
Cost Shifting and Compensation
Is Consumption Becoming "Dematerialized"?
Risk, Uncertainty, and Environmental Liability
The Environmentalism of Livelihood
Women, Economic Security, and the Environment
HEALTH SECURITY ISSUES
ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY
FOOD SECURITY ISSUES
The World Food Situation Today
Where Are the Food Insecure Found?
How Do People Become Food Insecure?
Women’s Role in Ensuring Food Security
Ethical Issues in Food Security
LOCAL KNOWLEDGE AND COMMUNITY SECURITY
Natural and Social Prerequisites for a Sustainable Future
Security and Sustainable Development
The Future of Local Knowledge for Survival on a Community Level
POPULATION GROWTH ISSUES: CULTURAL CONTEXTS OF ABORTION IN JAPAN
Two Different Types of Mizuko-kuyo
The Tokugawa Shogunate Banned Mabiki
Personal Documents from Parish Registers
Important Source of Earnings for Buddhist Temples
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION ISSUES
The Allure and the Ills of a System of Nation-States
Defending Restrictions: From Institutional Principles to Reasons for Action
Special Obligations: Two Ways of Accounting
The Value of Special Relationships: Why Identity Matters
Special Concern Stemming from Equal Respect?
ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED IN ETHICS, JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUES
Organizations involved in Ethical and Bioethical Questions
Rights for the Future and the Future of Rights
ETHICS AND JUSTICE INFORMATION FOR DECISION MAKING
ETHICS AND SCIENCE
UNESCO as the World’s Forum for Ethics
CULTURE OF PEACE
Introduction. Culture of Peace: A Task for Our Time
A Brief History of the Culture of Peace Concept
Basic Aspects of the Culture of Peace
Culture of Peace in Everyday Life
Actions Undertaken by UNESCO to Promote a Culture of Peace (1992-98)
Declarations for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence
ETHICS AND VALUES
Meta-Ethics, Normative Ethics, and Applied Ethics
Reason and Objectivity in Judgments about Ethics and Values
Ethics, Values, and Sustainability
PEACE OPERATIONS AS AN INTEGRATED PART OF THE UN STRATEGY FOR A MORE SECURE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
The Evolving Context of the Strategy for the Promotion of Peace, Stability, and Well-being
Good Governance as a Prerequisite for Successful Peace Operations
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS, MORALS, AND INCENTIVES IN MODERN SOCIETIES
New Dimensions of Environmental Problems
Costs of Moral Behavior and Strategies of "Cost Reduction"
THE EARTH CHARTER:GLOBAL ETHICS FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
The Global Situation and the Need for a Global Ethics (Preamble of The Earth Charter)
Respect and Care for the Community of Life (Part I of The Earth Charter)
Specific Commitments of The Earth Charter (Principles 5–16)
The Way Forward (Epilogue of The Earth Charter)
CONFLICT RESOLUTION
The complexity of conflict in an international drainage basin
Analysis lens: social science methods for studying conflict
Approaches to conflict resolution: negotiation, mediation, and arbitration
Formal models for conflict resolution
CONFLICT DOMAINS: WARFARE, INTERNAL CONFLICTS, AND THE SEARCH FOR NEGOTIATED OR MEDIATED RESOLUTIONS
Conflict Between and Within States
CROSS-CULTURAL CONFLICT
Culture, Identity, and Conflict
Culture, Ethnicity, and Ethnic Conflict
Cross-Cultural Conflict Resolution
INTERPERSONAL CONFLICT
Dynamics of Interpersonal Conflict
Assessing Interpersonal Conflict
INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT
Historical Trends in International Violence
Issues Over Which States Conflict
National and Societal Explanations
THE NATURE OF WARFARE IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
The Post-Cold War Zeitgeist According to Fukuyama et al
Spillover: An Expanded View and Typology
CONFLICT IN DIVIDED SOCIETIES
Identity Formation and Politics
Group Competition and the State
ANALYSIS LENS
Conceptual Expansion of Conflict
Group Dynamics as Analysis Lens
STRUCTURAL SOURCES OF CONFLICT
Analyzing the Structure of Conflict
Social Dilemmas: Mixed-Motive Games with Large Groups
ALLIANCES: SANCTIONING AND MONITORING
The Main Factors that Keep Groups Together
The Role of Monitoring and Avoidance
Analyzing Groups and Individual Actions with the Social Sciences
POLITICAL FACETS OF CONFLICT
Historical Reconstructions of the Development of Political Systems
How to Select those who will Govern
How to Organize Large Communities to Develop and Maintain Resources
How to Allocate Collective Resources over Large Communities
INSTITUTIONAL FACETS OF CONFLICT
SOCIAL CHANGE, CONFLICT AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION
Applying the Resolutionary Change Model to Ecosystem Issues
THE LANGUAGE OF CONFLICT
Introduction to a Framework for Analyzing Language Use
The Strategies of Using Language
The Strategies of Using Language in Environmental Conflict
SMALL GROUPS AND CONFLICT
Analyzing Status: Who Likes Whom?
Analyzing Social Networks: Who Gives What to Whom?
Analyzing Social Identity: Who Calls Whom What?
Analyzing Dispute Resolution in Small Groups
Analyzing Community-Based Environmental Management
CONFLICT AND CHANGE ACROSS GENERATIONS
Technological changes over generations
Social changes over generations
THE PERSON AND CONFLICT
Economic Impacts on Individuals: Resources and Consumption
Political and Institutional Conflicts
Small Group Conflicts for the Individual
Conflicts from the Wider Society
Intergenerational and Family Conflicts
Avoidance in Individuals and its Observation
Solving Conflicts for the Person
APPROACHES TO CONFLICT RESOLUTION
NEGOTIATION
Approaches to the Study of International Negotiation
MULTILATERAL NEGOTIATION
MEDIATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL DISPUTES
Mediation as third party intervention
Brief history and current practices
Mediation of environmental disputes
Some current issues and new directions
ARBITRATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL DISPUTES THAT CROSS NATIONAL BOUNDARIES
Sources of Authority of Trans-boundary Environmental Disputes
Major International Environmental Public Law Arbitration Cases and Tribunals
Major International Environmental Arbitration Private Law Cases and Tribunals
The Future of International Environmental Arbitration
FORMAL MODELS FOR CONFLICT RESOLUTION AND CASE STUDIES
Introduction: Modeling Reality
Decision Making Models: History and Abstract Game Models
Overview of Formal Models for Conflict Resolution and Case Studie
THE GRAPH MODEL FOR CONFLICT RESOLUTION
Applying the Graph Model to Real World Conflict
Context of the Elmira Groundwater Contamination Dispute
DRAMA THEORY AND METAGAME ANALYSIS
Dilemmas generated by a rational approach to conflict
Reaction to the dilemmas; metagame theory
Dilemmas of agreement and disagreement; metagame analysis
From metagame analysis to drama theory
The six phases of conflict resolution
The six dilemmas and their elimination
MISPERCEPTIONS AND HYPERGAME MODELS OF CONFLICT
Hypergame Models and Stability Analysis
Background of the Water Aquifer Conflict
Modeling the Water Aquifer Conflict as a Hypergame
GAME MODELS OF NEGOTIATION AND ARBITRATION
MULTI-OBJECTIVE DECISION-MAKING IN NEGOTIATION AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION
MCDM Approaches to Quantifying Preferences of Individual Parties in Negotiations
Multi-objective Methods for Identifying Compromises Using Implicit Value Functions
The Arizona Water Control Study: A Successful Use of MCDM in Negotiation
COST ALLOCATION
Cooperative Game Theoretic Approach
Non-cooperative Game Theoretic Approach with Coalition Formation
COMPLIANCE MODELS FOR ENFORCEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS
CASE STUDY IN INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY: REGIONAL UTILITY-BASED COGENERATION
Scenarios for Utility-Based Cogeneration
Results and Discussion for Annual Assessment
Results and Discussion for Cumulative Assessment
A CASE STUDY OF MULTI-LATERAL WATER NEGOTIATION: THE JORDAN RIVER SYSTEM
Geopolitical Settings of the Jordan River System
Water and Conflict in the Middle East
Water and Peace: The Multi-lateral Water Negotiations
ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF WAR
Peacetime (Pre-war and Post-war) Impact of the Military Sector
Nuclear, Chemical, and Biological Warfare
Beneficial Environmental Effects of War
THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL COST OF WAR:THE CASE OF AFRICA
Introduction: The African Crisis
Natural Resources and Conflict in Africa
PEACE,CULTURE,AND ETHICS:RECENT HISTORY OF CONSERVATION VALUES IN PEACE AND WAR
COMPLEXITY, COLLAPSE, AND SUSTAINABLE PROBLEM-SOLVING
Unsustainability: Historical Collapses
Sustainability and Problem-solving
Development of Problem-solving Institutions
Divergent Outcomes to Problem-solving
Models of Sustainable and Unsustainable Futures
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Theories and concepts of International Relations
The end of the cold war and the end of positivism?
THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
The Age of the Territorial State
FROM STATES SYSTEMS TO A SOCIETY OF STATES: THE EVOLUTION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Mediaeval Cosmology and Politics
Origins of the European States System
The Peace of Westphalia (1648)
The Legacy of the Napoleonic Wars: The Concert of Europe and the Management of the States System
The Universalization of the European States System: Imperialism
Managing the Postwar International System
Revising Westphalia: A New Norm for Intervention?
From System of States to a Society of States: International Institutions
DIPLOMACY
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs
GEOPOLITICS
Geopolitics After the Cold War
The Revolution in Military Affairs
Resistance and the Geopolitical Imagination
Human Security and Territorial States
DIPLOMATIC, INTERNATIONAL AND GLOBAL-WORLD HISTORY
AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN FOREIGN RELATIONS
The Plight of Western Europe and the Marshall Plan
Defense Arrangements in Western Europe. NATO
The Failure of the European Defense Community
Western Strategy: from "Massive Retaliation" to "Flexible Response"
Imbalance in the Western Alliance
The Emergence of the European Union as a Defense Organization
NATIONALISM AND IDENTITY POLITICS IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Nationalism and National Identities
Nationalism and International Relations
SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Sociology's Relevance to International Relations
Historical Origins of Sociological Thought
The Historical Scociology of the State and International Relations
Principles of Historical Sociology
Problems with Historical Sociology
Global Versus Historical Sociology?
The Future Sociological Agenda in International Relations
LONG CYCLES IN GLOBAL POLITICS
Introduction : The Study of Long Cycles
A Brief History of Global Politics
From Leadership to Global Organization
COMPLEXITY SCIENCE AND KNOWLEDGE-CREATION IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORY
Complexity Science: Its Epistemological and Ontological Significance
How Complexity Science Overthrows Lakatos's Methodology of Research Programs
The Logical Foundation of "Complex Justificationism"
INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY
International Economics and International Politics
MERCANTILISM
Protection and Underdevelopment
HEGEMONY IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
When Do Resource Advantages Beget Political Influence?
Complications in the Relation between Resources and Influence
Public Choice Theories of Hegemony
Unresolved Issues in Public Goods Treatments of Hegemony
Hegemony from a Gramscian perspective
Alternative Means of Providing International Public Goods
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND CONTEMPORARY WORLD ISSUES
Globalization and International Politics
State and Non-State Actors in Global Politics
Sustainable Development and the Agenda of the Global System
International Relations Theory and the Problem of Sustainable Development
HUMAN RIGHTS AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
The Universality of Human Rights
The International Covenants on Human Rights
Other Human Rights Activities by UN Bodies
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe
Organization of American States
Non-governmental organizations
INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL NEGOTIATIONS
International Environmental Agreements
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
THE EVOLUTION OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE: THEORY AND PRACTICE
The Origins of Global Governance
Global Governance and the Establishment of the Post-War World Order
Global Challenges and Global Governance
Future Research on Global Governance
COMPARATIVE FOREIGN POLICY AND HUMAN RIGHTS: THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER DEMOCRACIES
COMPARATIVE FOREIGN POLICY AND HUMAN RIGHTS: THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER DEMOCRACIES
U.S. Foreign Policy and Human Rights
INTERNATIONAL SECURITY
International security: past and present
The study of international security: theoretical developments and perspectives
INTERNATIONAL INTERVENTION
The Characterization of Intervention
Collective Security and Peace Support Operations under Chapter VII
Command, Control and Decentralization
DEMOCRATIC GLOBAL GOVERNANCE: ISSUES, RESOURCES, OPPORTUNITIES
The development of global governance
IGOs: structure, programs, major issues
INGOs: the quest for democratic global governance
INTERNATIONAL ISSUES AND IGO GOALS IN THE POST-WORLD WAR II PERIOD
Increasing Number of Tools Available for Peace Building
Multilateral Definition of Values
Multilateral Decision-Making is now Commonplace
A Growing System of Organizations
Diminishing the Barriers between the People and the UN System
THE UN AND HUMAN RIGHTS ON THE EVE OF THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
THE ROLE OF THE UNITED NATIONS ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Making Environmental Treaties Work
Institutionalizing Global Environmental Protection
The United Nations and Sustainable Development
THE PRESERVATION OF NATURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES: THE UNCERTAIN FUTURE
Background and State of the World
The Role of International Government Organizations in Environmental Protection
A Status Report on Present and Future Problems
THE UNITED NATIONS IMPACT ON GENDER ISSUES
Introduction—from San Francisco to Beijing
CEDAW: its Meaning and History
The Decade for Women 1976–1985: Three Meetings: Agendas, Participants, Results
Beijing 1995 and its Follow-up
THE NEED FOR EFFECTIVE PEACEKEEPING
Evaluation of Traditional Peacekeeping
Resurgence of Peacekeeping after the Cold War
The Move to Peace Enforcement and Subcontracting
A GLOBAL APPROACH TO DISEASE: COORDINATING THROUGH THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
The WHO: its Goals and Programs
Global Health: How WHO Might Help Achieve It
UNITED NATIONS REFORM: ON TRACK FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY?
The Genesis of United Nations Reform
Secretary-General Kofi Annan’s Comprehensive Reform Program
The Decisions of the 2005 World Summit Meeting
INGOS: GAINING A ROLE IN GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
Introduction: Evaluating the Global Civil Society
The Global Civic Society: its Rationale and Potential
Adaptable Coalitions: the Key Factor?
DEVELOPING AN EFFECTIVE ROLE FOR INGOS IN DEMOCRATIC GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
The Historical Roots of the INGO Movement
Twenty-first Century INGOs: New Issues, New Rationales, New Strategies
Structures and Strategies for Improving Governance and Management of INGOs and NGOs
CONTRIBUTING TO INTERNATIONAL CIVIL SOCIETY :A EURASIAN EXAMPLE
History of the Environmental Movement in the FSU
Western Assistance to Environmental NGOs in the FSU: A Brief Overview
The ISAR Program: A Case Study in NGO Development and International Cooperation
HUMAN RIGHTS: THE STRUGGLE FOR INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE
Introduction: Human Rights Issues Post-Second World War
The Role of Human Rights INGOs in Theory and Practice
Evaluating INGO Performance: an Analytical Framework
Egypt: Western Influence Yields to Cultural Mores?
Guatemala: the High Cost of Impunity
COMBATING INFECTIOUS DISEASE AS A GLOBAL SECURITY GOAL: EMERGING TRENDS AND "STRANGE BEDFELLOWS"
United Nation Groups Combating Infectious Diseases
Infectious Disease and Global Security
Developing New Alliances: Lessons Learned and Future Trends
GENDER EQUALITY: A WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT CASE STUDY
National Development Impacts on Women
Launching the Field of Women and Development (WID)
International Women and Development NGOs
Association for Women’s Rights in Development: A Case Study
INSTITUTIONAL AND INFRASTRUCTURE RESOURCES: NATIONAL AND REGIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND INFRASTRUCTURES
Vulnerability and social adaptation
Adaptive capacity: instruments
Adaptive capacity: institutions
Strategies for sustainable development
TRANSPARENT GOVERNANCE: THE ROLE OF NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS AND THE INTERNET
Transparent Governance: An Overview
The Internet and NGOs: Key Transparency-Enabling Forces
NGOs and Transparency: Russia-Bellona-Nikitin Case Study
THE EMPOWERMENT OF SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTS AND LOCAL COMMUNITIES IN A DECENTRALIZED AND UNEQUAL POLITY
Participation and decentralization: a brief theoretical review
Brazil's regional inequalities
Participation as empowerment and as voice
The vectors of decentralization
Financial and political decentralization: some figures and factors
Assessing some preliminary results of decentralization
BALANCING NATIONAL ECONOMIC REFORMS WITH SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL GOALS
Urban-environmental management: an overview of its recent trajectory
The financing of urban-environmental programs
Current stage of urban-environmental management
THE MESOAMERICAN BIOLOGICAL CORRIDOR: LINKING INTERNATIONAL, NATIONAL AND LOCAL SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT INITIATIVES
The Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and Intergovernmental Organizations
Non-governmental Organizations and Indigenous Communities
INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE AND BUSINESS SUSTAINABILITY IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
IMPROVING INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT TO PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA
LOCAL, REGIONAL, AND NATIONAL DECENTRALISED, MULTISTAGE PLANNING PROCESSES AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Different Types of Planning Processes
The Links of Multilevel Planning To the SLA
ACCOMODATING MARGINALIZED GROUPS IN THE PLANNING PROCESS
Need for Participatory Environmental Policies
Issues of Exclusion for Marginalized Groups
Mechanisms for Participation of Marginalized Groups
Conclusion- Vision for the Twenty-First Century
NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND THE PROMISE OF DECENTRALISED GOVERNANCE: LEARNING FROM EXPERIENCE IN INDIA
Signs Of Hope: Resolving The Twin Crises Together
Effectiveness of Community Self-Organization
Lessons for a More Democratic, Decentralised Governance
THE EFFECT OF INSTITUTIONAL CULTURES ON SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND ECOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
Institutional Cultures For Sustainable Development
Case Study: the social infrastructure of irrigation in Mexico (a World Bank project)
CULTURAL DIVERSITY, DEMOCRACY AND PARTICIPATION
Multiculturalism—Interculturalism
Social Movement Networks: the Local and the Global
INSTITUTIONAL AND INFRASTRUCTURE RESOURCE ISSUES: CONVENTIONS, TREATIES AND OTHER RESPONSES TO GLOBAL ISSUES
What are international environmental treaties?
Structure and content of international environmental agreements
The scientific background to agreement-making
Outline of the problem of "effectiveness" of international environmental agreements
From institutional to environmental effectiveness
The relationship between the different actors in environmental policy making
MECHANISMS TO CREATE AND SUPPORT CONVENTIONS, TREATIES AND OTHER RESPONSES
The Historical Development of International Law
The Binding Nature of International Law
The Enforcement of International Law
Mechanisms to Create and Support Conventions and Treaties
Mechanisms to Create and Support Other ResponsesCustomary International Law
INTERNATIONAL BINDING MECHANISMS
Nature and History of International Environmental Law
Dispute Settlement in International Environmental Law
Sustainable Development and International Law
European Environmental Law: A Regional Success Story
INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES AND PRINCIPLES
Role of Soft Law in International Environmental Law
Status of Principles in International Environmental Law
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS
Introduction: IEAs, International Law and the International System
History of International Environmental Diplomacy
Typology and common characteristics
ENDANGERED SPECIES
Policy Development and Implementation Under Cites
TRANSBOUNDARY MOVEMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Wastes and their Transboundary Movement—Problem Definition
Hazardous Treatment and Disposal
International Legislation and Hazardous Waste
Problems of Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Waste
INTERNATIONAL NEGOTIATIONS AND AGREEMENTS ON CLIMATE CHANGE
A Brief History of the Debate: The Early Discussions
BIODIVERSITY
Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biological Diversity
Access to Genetic Resources and the Sharing of Benefits
DESERTIFICATION
The Problem of Desertification
The Internationalization of the Question of Desertification
The Desertification Convention
The Convention and the Realization of Sustainable Development
FORESTS
International Forestry Agreements
MARINE ISSUES
LONG RANGE TRANSBOUNDARY AIR POLLUTION
Heavy Metals and POPs Protocols
Multi-effects and Multi-pollutants Protocol
From Fish to Forests to Health to …
POLAR REGIONS
The Effectiveness of Polar Accords
OZONE LAYER DEPLETION
The Architecture of the Ozone Layer Regime
The Evolution of the Ozone Layer Regime: Adjustments and Amendments to the Montreal Protocol
HUMAN RIGHTS
Human Rights Perspectives on Environmental Protection
Environmental Perspectives on Human Rights
NUCLEAR ISSUES
BIOSAFETY
The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
THE ROLE OF INTER- AND NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS
Intergovernmental Organizations
THE WORLD BANK
The Creation and Evolution of the World Bank
The Organisational Structure of the World Bank Group
The Political Process of the World Bank
The World Bank and the Development Assistance Regime
The World Bank and Environmental Issues
THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
The Operation of the Gold Exchange Standard
The Legal Structure of the IMF
The Political Structure of the IMF
The Availability of Financial Resources
Credit Tranches, Stand-By Arrangements and Conditionality
The Variety of Financial Facilities
Developing Countries and the Debt Crisis
Global Political Change and Reform of the IMF
EUROPEAN UNION
The Challenges of EU policy making
The Historical Transition towards an EU Environmental Policy
Towards Sustainability: The Fifth EAP
A Future for Green Politics at the EU level?
ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT
The Role and Functioning of the OECD
Sustainable Management of Resources
Protection of Health and Safety
THE WORLD TRADE ORGANISATION
The Organizational Structure of the WTO
The Political Process of the World Trade Organisation
The WTO and the World Trading System
The WTO and Environmental Issues
NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE ASSOCIATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT
NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS
NGOs, Interest Groups, Pressure Groups, Lobbies, and Private Voluntary Organizations
NGOs and their Independence from Governments
NGOs, Political Parties, and Ethnic Minorities
NGOs and their Relations with Business and Commerce
NGOs and the Political Use of Violence
Different Types of Structures Among NGOs
The Geographical Spread of NGOs
NGOs, Social Movements, and Civil Society
INFORMAL SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
Social Movements and Global Politics
What is the Future for Social Movements?
STRATEGIC ASPECTS OF IMPLEMENTING THE INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENT ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Game Theoretical Fundamentals of International Environmental Treaties
Socioeconomic Assessment of the Impact of Climate Change
INTERNATIONAL SECURITY
PROCESSES OF PEACE AND SECURITY
INTERNATIONAL SECURITY, PEACE, DEVELOPMENT, AND ENVIRONMENT
Contextual and conceptual change
Widening of security dimensions
Environment and Security Linkages: Environmental Security
Changing the Referent: From National to Human Security
Sectorialisation of Security Concepts
SECURITY THREATS, CHALLENGES, VULNERABILITY AND RISKS
Reconceptualizing Security Threats after the Cold War
Reconceptualizing Security Challenges after the Cold War
Reconceptualizing Security Vulnerabilities after the Cold War
Reconceptualizing Security Risks after the Cold War
FOUR PHASES OF RESEARCH ON ENVIRONMENT AND SECURITY
First Research Phase: Impacts of Wars and of the Military on the Environment
Second Research Phase: Environmental Scarcity and Conflict
Third Research Phase on the Environment, Conflict and Conflict Resolution
Recent Critiques of the Environmental Security Debate and International Activities
Towards a Fourth Phase of Human and Environmental Security and Peace (HESP)
THE MODEL: GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE, POLITICAL PROCESS AND EXTREME OUTCOMES
Natural Causes: Global Environmental Change
Global and Socio-economic Contexts
Impacts: Environmental Scarcity, Degradation and Stress
Extreme and Fatal Outcomes of Global Change and Environmental Stress
Societal Consequences of Extreme Outcomes
Political Process: Responding to Societal Consequences of Extreme Outcomes
HUMANKIND AND CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE AND NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES: LIMITS OF GROWTH AS A CHALLENGE OR UNLIMITED GROWTH AS A SOLUTION?
Humankind and Resources: Analyzing
Humankind and Resources: Theory
Humankind and Resources: Mobilization
GENDER AND VIOLENCE. DIVERSITY AND DIFFERENCE
Violence, Diversity and Differences.
CITIZENSHIP AND PEACE EDUCATION
Education for citizenship in times of peace
Education for peace in an ethnic conflict or in time of war
GENDER AND ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY: A HUGE CHALLENGE
Four Phases of Gender Security Studies
HUGE: Human, Gender and Environmental Security
ENGENDERING SECURITY
Introduction: Is Security Gendered?
MEDIATION: EMPOWERING PEOPLE FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING (MEDIATION AND PEACEBUILDING)
From conflict to a Impartial Third Party
PEACE EDUCATION AND TEACHING
WHAT DOES PROFESSIONALIZATION MEAN IN PEACE RESEARCH?
On Professionalization in General
Government Realism vs. Peace Movement Idealism: Tertium non datur?
The Code of Conduct and the Problem of Accountability
Time has Come, with Health Professionals as one Model
SYNCHRONIZING CULTURAL AND STRUCTURAL CHANGES TOWARDS GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
Synchronism in Peace Education and Conflict Resolution
Variable Contextual Conditions
WORLD TRANSITION, CIVIL COURAGE, AND WHISTLEBLOWING TO PROTECT SOCIAL PEACE
Unloved Heroes of our Establishment - Examples
PEACE EDUCATION THROUGH PEACE MUSEUMS
War Memory, War Museum and Peace Museum
The Background of Peace Museums in Japan
The Growth of Japanese Peace Museums from an International Perspective
Characteristics and Problems of Peace Museums in Japan
Characteristics of Japanese Peace Museums
CIVIL RESISTANCE AND NONVIOLENCE.
Civil Resistance: What should we look towards?
NATURAL DISASTERS AND EARLY WARNING IN THE CONTEXT OF HUMAN SECURITY
Fatalities, injuries, and human security
Natural disasters in the context of security
Early warning as a means to minimize loss of lives in case of natural disasters
People-centered early warning systems
Current limitations in early warning
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT WITH PEACE BUILDING AND HUMAN SECURITY
Pattern of Historical Development
Suggestion for Changes in the Prevailing Model: Culture of Peace with Diversity
RECONCEPTUALISING SECURITY FROM NATIONAL TO ENVIRONMENTAL AND HUMAN SECURITY
Contextual and conceptual change
Widening of security dimensions
Environment and Security Linkages: Environmental Security
Changing the Referent: From National to Human Security